Davis J A, Brewer J, Atkin D
Football Association National Human Performance Centre, Lilleshall Hall National Sports Centre, Newport, Shropshire, UK.
J Sports Sci. 1992 Dec;10(6):541-7. doi: 10.1080/02640419208729950.
This investigation was undertaken in an effort to establish physiological characteristics of soccer players and to relate them to positional roles. A total of 135 footballers (age 24.4 +/- 4.6 years) were assessed for body mass, % body fat, haemoglobin, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), leg power, anaerobic capacity and speed prior to an English league season. The sample included 13 goalkeepers, 22 full-backs, 24 centre-backs, 35 midfield players and 41 forwards. The goalkeepers were significantly heavier (86.1 +/- 5.5 kg; P < 0.01) than all groups except the centre-backs, had significantly higher estimated body fat percentages than centre-backs, forwards, midfield players (P < 0.01) or full-backs (P < 0.05), significantly lower estimated VO2 max values (56.4 +/- 3.9 ml kg-1 min-1; P < 0.01) and were slowest over 60 m (12.71 +/- 0.42 s). The midfield players had the highest predicted VO2 max values (61.4 +/- 3.4 ml kg-1 min-1), this being significantly greater (P < 0.05) than for the centre-backs. The forwards were the fastest group over 60 m (12.19 +/- 0.30 s), being significantly quicker than goalkeepers or centre-backs (P < 0.01) and full-backs (P < 0.05). Anaerobic power, as well as knee extensor torques (corrected for body mass) and extensor-flexor ratios, were similar between groups. No difference in estimated body fat percentage was observed between any of the outfield players, and haemoglobin concentrations were similar among players of all positions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
本次调查旨在确定足球运动员的生理特征，并将其与场上位置角色联系起来。在一个英格兰联赛赛季开始前，对135名足球运动员（年龄24.4±4.6岁）进行了体重、体脂百分比、血红蛋白、最大摄氧量（VO2 max）、腿部力量、无氧能力和速度的评估。样本包括13名守门员、22名边后卫、24名中后卫、35名中场球员和41名前锋。守门员的体重（86.1±5.5千克；P<0.01）显著高于除中后卫之外的所有组，估计体脂百分比显著高于中后卫、前锋、中场球员（P<0.01）或边后卫（P<0.05），估计VO2 max值显著较低（56.4±3.9毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹；P<0.01），且60米跑速度最慢（12.71±0.42秒）。中场球员的预测VO2 max值最高（61.4±3.4毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹），显著高于中后卫（P<0.05）。前锋是60米跑最快的组（12.19±0.30秒），显著快于守门员或中后卫（P<0.01）和边后卫（P<0.05）。各组之间的无氧功率以及膝关节伸肌扭矩（校正体重后）和伸肌-屈肌比率相似。在任何一名非守门员球员之间，估计的体脂百分比均未观察到差异，且所有位置球员的血红蛋白浓度相似。（摘要截选至250字）
