Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, School of Sport and Leisure, Melgaço 4960-320, Portugal.
Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 5;16(13):2386. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16132386.
The aim of the present study was (a) to describe the anthropometric profile of a large group of soccer players based on different age groups and their playing positions on the field, and (b) to examine the variations of body composition among adult soccer players using diverse equations based on skinfold thickness. A total of 618 Greek soccer players who were grouped by age (i.e., 12-14, 14-16, 16-18, and 18-37 years) and playing position (i.e., goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, and forward) were evaluated for weight, height, and skinfolds. The Pařízková formula was used to estimate the percentage of body fat. Furthermore, for players who were 18 years or older the Reilly and Evans formulas was used to estimate the percentage of body fat. Independent of the age, in this large sample, goalkeepers presented higher values for weight, height and the percentage of body fat estimation as compared with other field positions. An anthropometric pattern was observed in each tactical position, namely, across a specific age of increasing maturation process (14-16 years). With the Pařízková formula, we found a mean (SD) range of variation in the percentage of body fat estimation between 4.87 ± 1.46 and 5.51 ± 1.46 as compared with the Evans formula. The same pattern of differences was found when the Reilly equation was considered. In conclusion, we observed a position specificity of anthropometric characteristics across different age categories. Additionally, the same data supported different validated equations which resulted in large differences in the final outcome estimations.
(a) 描述不同年龄组和场上位置的大量足球运动员的人体测量学特征；(b) 使用基于皮褶厚度的不同方程，检查成年足球运动员的身体成分变化。共有 618 名希腊足球运动员按年龄（即 12-14 岁、14-16 岁、16-18 岁和 18-37 岁）和场上位置（即守门员、后卫、中场和前锋）分组，评估体重、身高和皮褶。使用 Pařízková 公式估计体脂百分比。此外，对于 18 岁或以上的运动员，使用 Reilly 和 Evans 公式估计体脂百分比。无论年龄大小，在这个大样本中，守门员的体重、身高和体脂百分比估计值都高于其他场上位置。在每个战术位置都观察到了一种人体测量模式，即在特定的成熟过程年龄（14-16 岁）。使用 Pařízková 公式，我们发现体脂百分比估计值的变化范围在 4.87±1.46%到 5.51±1.46%之间，而 Evans 公式的变化范围在 4.65±1.54%到 5.37±1.54%之间。当考虑 Reilly 方程时，也发现了相同的差异模式。总之，我们观察到了不同年龄组的位置特异性的人体测量特征。此外，相同的数据支持不同的验证方程，这些方程导致最终结果估计存在很大差异。
