Halken S, Høst A, Hansen L G, Osterballe O
Department of Paediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
Allergy. 1992 Oct;47(5):545-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00680.x.
A total of 105 "high-risk" infants born in 1988 were studied prospectively from birth to 18 months of age. The infants were recommended breastfeeding and/or hypoallergenic formula (Nutramigen or Profylac) combined with avoidance of solid foods during the first 6 months of life. All mothers had unrestricted diet. Avoidance of daily exposure to tobacco smoke, furred pets and dust-collecting materials in the bedroom were advised. This prevention group was compared with a control group consisting of 54 identically defined "high-risk" infants born in 1985 in the same area. All infants had either severe single atopic predisposition combined with cord blood IgE > or = 0.5 KU/l or biparental atopic predisposition. The control group had unrestricted diet and was not advised about environmental factors. Apart from the prevention programme and year of birth the prevention group and the control group were comparable. The parents were highly motivated and compliance was good. The rate of participation was 97%, and 85% followed the dietary measures strictly. The cumulative prevalence of atopic symptoms was significantly lower at 18 months in the prevention group (32%), as compared with the control group (74%) (p < 0.01), due to reduced prevalence of recurrent wheezing (13% versus 37%; p < 0.01), atopic dermatitis (14% versus 31%; p < 0.01), vomiting/diarrhoea (5% versus 20%; p < 0.01) and infantile colic (9% versus 24%; p < 0.01). The cumulative prevalence of food allergy was significantly lower in the prevention group (6% versus 17%; p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
对1988年出生的105名“高危”婴儿进行了从出生到18个月大的前瞻性研究。建议这些婴儿在出生后的前6个月进行母乳喂养和/或食用低敏配方奶粉（纽迪希亚或普瑞素），同时避免食用固体食物。所有母亲的饮食不受限制。建议避免婴儿日常接触卧室中的烟草烟雾、带毛宠物和积尘物质。将这个预防组与一个对照组进行比较，对照组由1985年在同一地区出生的54名定义相同的“高危”婴儿组成。所有婴儿都有严重的单一特应性易感性且脐血免疫球蛋白E≥0.5KU/l，或有双亲特应性易感性。对照组饮食不受限制，且未就环境因素给出建议。除了预防方案和出生年份外，预防组和对照组具有可比性。家长积极性很高，依从性良好。参与率为97%，85%的家长严格遵循饮食措施。与对照组（74%）相比，预防组在18个月时特应性症状的累积患病率显著较低（32%）（p<0.01），这是由于复发性喘息（13%对37%；p<0.01）、特应性皮炎（14%对31%；p<0.01）、呕吐/腹泻（5%对20%；p<0.01）和婴儿腹绞痛（9%对24%；p<0.01）的患病率降低。预防组食物过敏的累积患病率显著较低（6%对17%；p<0.05）。（摘要截取自250词）
