Power T J
Children's Seashore House/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1992 Dec;20(6):579-93. doi: 10.1007/BF00911242.
The effect of contextual factors on continuous performance testing was examined by administering a vigilance task to 51 children with ADHD under conditions of examiner presence and absence at different times (i.e., beginning and middle) of an assessment battery. The results showed that the ability to differentiate target stimuli from distractors (d-prime) was related to examiner presence vs. absence, and that response bias (beta), a measure of the subject's carefulness in responding to stimuli, was associated with the time of task administration. The decline in d-prime under conditions of examiner absence was shown to be related more to level of aggression as opposed to level of inattention. Children with ADHD having relatively high levels of aggression demonstrated a significant decline in d-prime scores under conditions of examiner absence, but those with relatively low levels of aggression did not. The results demonstrated the importance of contextual factors on vigilance task performance and suggested a differential impact of contextual variables on children who are inattentive vs. aggressive.
通过在评估流程的不同时间（即开始和中间阶段）有考官在场和不在场的情况下，对51名患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童进行警觉任务，研究了情境因素对持续操作测试的影响。结果表明，区分目标刺激与干扰刺激的能力（d值）与考官在场与否有关，而反应偏差（β），即衡量受试者对刺激反应时谨慎程度的指标，与任务实施时间有关。研究表明，在考官不在场的情况下，d值的下降更多地与攻击水平而非注意力不集中程度有关。攻击性相对较高的ADHD儿童在考官不在场的情况下，d值得分显著下降，但攻击性相对较低的儿童则没有。研究结果证明了情境因素对警觉任务表现的重要性，并表明情境变量对注意力不集中和有攻击性的儿童有不同的影响。
