Sensory Processing Disorder Foundation, Greenwood Village, CO, USA.
Res Dev Disabil. 2012 May-Jun;33(3):804-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.12.005. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are impulsive, inattentive and hyperactive, while children with sensory modulation disorder (SMD), one subtype of Sensory Processing Disorder, have difficulty responding adaptively to daily sensory experiences. ADHD and SMD are often difficult to distinguish. To differentiate these disorders in children, clinical ADHD, SMD, and dual diagnoses were assessed. All groups had significantly more sensory, attention, activity, impulsivity, and emotional difficulties than typical children, but with distinct profiles. Inattention was greater in ADHD compared to SMD. Dual diagnoses had more sensory-related behaviors than ADHD and more attentional difficulties than SMD. SMD had more sensory issues, somatic complaints, anxiety/depression, and difficulty adapting than ADHD. SMD had greater physiological/electrodermal reactivity to sensory stimuli than ADHD and typical controls. Parent-report measures identifying sensory, attentional, hyperactive, and impulsive difficulties varied in agreement with clinician's diagnoses. Evidence suggests ADHD and SMD are distinct diagnoses.
患有注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童表现出冲动、注意力不集中和多动，而患有感觉调节障碍（SMD）的儿童，作为感觉处理障碍的一种亚型，对日常感觉体验难以做出适应性反应。ADHD 和 SMD 通常难以区分。为了区分这些儿童的障碍，评估了临床 ADHD、SMD 和双重诊断。所有组在感觉、注意力、活动、冲动和情绪困难方面都明显高于典型儿童，但具有不同的特征。与 SMD 相比，ADHD 患儿的注意力不集中更严重。双重诊断组比 ADHD 组有更多与感觉相关的行为，比 SMD 组有更多的注意力困难。SMD 比 ADHD 患儿有更多的感觉问题、躯体抱怨、焦虑/抑郁和适应困难。与 ADHD 和典型对照组相比，SMD 患儿对感觉刺激的生理/皮肤电反应更大。家长报告的识别感觉、注意力、多动和冲动困难的措施与临床医生的诊断存在一定的一致性。有证据表明，ADHD 和 SMD 是不同的诊断。
