Andreassen U K, Baer S, Nielsen T G, Dahm S L, Arndal H
Department of Otolaryngology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen.
J Laryngol Otol. 1992 Dec;106(12):1072-5. doi: 10.1017/s0022215100121784.
During a 25-year period 168 adults and 111 children in Copenhagen County were treated for acute epiglottitis. Four patients, two children and two adults died, of these the two children and one adult had a cardiac arrest on arriving at the hospital. Most children were treated by nasotracheal intubation while only some adults required nasotracheal intubation in order to secure the airway. Our data indicate that intubation of adults with epiglottitis is technically more difficult than in children. The fibrelaryngoscope, a new diagnostic tool, is advocated, and was in this study used to establish the diagnosis in 12 unclear cases of acute epiglottitis. The incidence of acute epiglottitis in children was calculated at 3.2/100,000 with a minor annual variation. As vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b becomes more common, the incidence will probably be markedly reduced, maybe even eradicated in children, but in adults the same reduction cannot be expected as the causative agent in this group is less frequently Haemophilus influenzae type b.
在25年期间，哥本哈根郡有168名成人和111名儿童接受了急性会厌炎治疗。4名患者死亡，其中2名儿童和2名成人，这两名儿童和1名成人在抵达医院时发生心脏骤停。大多数儿童通过鼻气管插管治疗，而只有一些成人需要鼻气管插管以确保气道安全。我们的数据表明，成人会厌炎插管在技术上比儿童更困难。提倡使用纤维喉镜这一新型诊断工具，在本研究中，它被用于12例急性会厌炎不明病例的诊断。儿童急性会厌炎的发病率计算为3.2/10万，每年略有变化。随着针对b型流感嗜血杆菌的疫苗接种变得更加普遍，发病率可能会显著降低，甚至在儿童中可能根除，但在成人中预计不会有同样程度的降低，因为该组中的病原体较少是b型流感嗜血杆菌。
