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将一个人群的数据应用于另一个人群时的选择偏倚:医学文献解读中的常见陷阱。

Selection bias in using data from one population to another: common pitfalls in the interpretation of medical literature.

作者信息

Froom P, Froom J

机构信息

Kibbutz Maagan Michael, DN Manashe, Israel.

出版信息

Theor Med. 1992 Sep;13(3):255-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00489202.

DOI:10.1007/BF00489202
PMID:1492340
Abstract

The prevalence, course and prognosis of diseases in patients referred to tertiary medical centers frequently differ from those treated in primary care settings. Extrapolation of findings from one population to another may therefore be unwarranted. Other factors that contribute to misinterpretation of medical literature include failure to distinguish statistical from clinical significance and advocacy of medical interventions prior to adequate clinical trials.

摘要

转诊至三级医疗中心的患者所患疾病的患病率、病程和预后通常与在初级保健机构接受治疗的患者不同。因此,将一个人群的研究结果推断至另一人群可能是不合理的。导致医学文献解读错误的其他因素包括未能区分统计学意义和临床意义,以及在充分的临床试验之前就鼓吹医疗干预措施。

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本文引用的文献

1
Study of five hundred patients with asymptomatic microhematuria.对五百例无症状性镜下血尿患者的研究。
J Am Med Assoc. 1956 Jun 16;161(7):610-3. doi: 10.1001/jama.1956.02970070042011.
2
Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria.无症状性镜下血尿。
J Urol. 1980 Sep;124(3):389-91. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55461-0.
3
Risk factors for sudden death after acute myocardial infarction: two-year follow-up.
Am J Cardiol. 1984 Jul 1;54(1):31-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(84)90299-6.
4
The relationships among ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and mortality in the 2 years after myocardial infarction.心肌梗死后2年内室性心律失常、左心室功能障碍和死亡率之间的关系。
Circulation. 1984 Feb;69(2):250-8. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.69.2.250.
5
Risks of referral.转诊风险。
J Fam Pract. 1984 Apr;18(4):623-6.
6
Significance of microhaematuria in young adults.青年镜下血尿的意义。
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984 Jan 7;288(6410):20-2. doi: 10.1136/bmj.288.6410.20.
7
The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. I. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease.脂质研究诊所冠心病一级预防试验结果。I. 冠心病发病率的降低
JAMA. 1984 Jan 20;251(3):351-64. doi: 10.1001/jama.1984.03340270029025.
8
How the university cardiologist treats ventricular premature beats: a nationwide survey of 65 University Medical Centers.大学心脏病专家如何治疗室性早搏:对65家大学医学中心的全国性调查。
Am Heart J. 1985 Oct;110(4):904-12. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(85)90485-5.
9
Asymptomatic microhematuria and urologic disease. A population-based study.无症状性镜下血尿与泌尿系统疾病。一项基于人群的研究。
JAMA. 1986 Jul 11;256(2):224-9.
10
Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. The Expert Panel.成人高血胆固醇检测、评估和治疗的国家胆固醇教育计划专家小组报告。专家小组。
Arch Intern Med. 1988 Jan;148(1):36-69.