成人综合推理年龄差异中的工作记忆中介作用。

Working-memory mediation of adult age differences in integrative reasoning.

作者信息

Salthouse T A

机构信息

School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0170.

出版信息

Mem Cognit. 1992 Jul;20(4):413-23. doi: 10.3758/bf03210925.

DOI:10.3758/bf03210925

PMID:1495403

Abstract

Three research methods were used to investigate the hypothesized mediational influence of working memory on age-related differences in integrative reasoning. Results from all three procedures were consistent with the hypothesis because (1) statistical control of an index of working memory attenuated the age differences in reasoning accuracy, (2) young adults were more accurate than older adults in a measure reflecting the preservation of information during processing, and (3) young adults performing the task with a concurrent memory load exhibited a qualitative pattern of performance similar to that of older adults performing the task without a concurrent memory load.

摘要

采用了三种研究方法来调查工作记忆对综合推理中与年龄相关差异的假设中介影响。所有这三种程序的结果都与该假设一致，因为：（1）对工作记忆指标进行统计控制减弱了推理准确性方面的年龄差异；（2）在一项反映加工过程中信息保持的测量中，年轻人比老年人更准确；（3）在执行任务时伴有同时记忆负荷的年轻人表现出的定性表现模式与在执行任务时没有同时记忆负荷的老年人相似。