Multivantaged assessment of depression in schizophrenia.

While it is recognized that depression frequently can occur together with fundamental symptoms of schizophrenia, estimates of the prevalence of schizophrenia-related depression have been very variable. This variability may be due in part to the difficulty in clearly separating depressive symptoms from negative symptoms. A more valid method of assessing depression might combine evaluations from multiple vantage points. This study, which involved 26 hospitalized schizophrenic patients, tested the proposition that complete assessment of depression requires three separate sources of input: self-rating (subjective mood state), clinician rating (affective state), and observer rating (behavioral manifestations). In the present study, patients were evaluated on self-rating instruments for mood states, clinician-rated scales including the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and observer-rated scales. These vantage points, though overlapping in some respects, were found to provide independent information on the experience of depression in schizophrenia. Clinician-rated and observer-rated assessments tended to correlate significantly, while self-rated subjective reports were discordant, thus complementing the assessments from the other two vantage points.