Almeida-Filho Naomar, Lessa Ines, Magalh es Lucélia, Araújo Maria Jenny, Aquino Estela, Kawachi Ichiro, James Sherman A
Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2004 Feb;38(1):45-54. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102004000100007. Epub 2004 Jan 30.
To study patterns of alcohol consumption and prevalence of high-risk drinking.
A household survey was carried out in a sample of 2,302 adults in Salvador, Brazil. Cases of High-Risk Drinking (HRD) were defined as those subjects who referred daily or weekly binge drinking plus episodes of drunkenness and those who reported any use of alcoholic beverages but with frequent drunkenness (at least once a week).
Fifty-six per cent of the sample acknowledged drinking alcoholic beverages. Overall consumption was significantly related with gender (male), marital status (single), migration (non-migrant), better educated (college level), and social class (upper). No significant differences were found regarding ethnicity, except for cachaça (Brazilian sugarcane liquor) and other distilled beverages. Overall 12-month prevalence of high-risk drinking was 7%, six times more prevalent among males than females (almost 13% compared to 2.4%). A positive association of HRD prevalence with education and social class was found. No overall relationship was found between ethnicity and HRD. Male gender and higher socioeconomic status were associated with increased odds of HRD. Two-way stratified analyses yielded consistent gender effects throughout all strata of independent variables.
The findings suggest that social and cultural elements determine local patterns of alcohol-drinking behavior. Additional research on long-term and differential effects of gender, ethnicity, and social class on alcohol use and misuse is needed in order to explain their role as sources of social health inequities.
研究饮酒模式及高危饮酒的患病率。
对巴西萨尔瓦多的2302名成年人进行了一项家庭调查。高危饮酒（HRD）病例定义为那些每天或每周有暴饮且伴有醉酒情况的受试者，以及那些报告饮用任何酒精饮料但频繁醉酒（至少每周一次）的人。
56%的样本承认饮用酒精饮料。总体饮酒情况与性别（男性）、婚姻状况（单身）、移民情况（非移民）、受教育程度较高（大学水平）和社会阶层（上层）显著相关。除了甘蔗酒（巴西甘蔗酒）和其他蒸馏酒外，在种族方面未发现显著差异。高危饮酒的总体12个月患病率为7%，男性患病率是女性的六倍（男性近13%，女性为2.4%）。发现高危饮酒患病率与教育程度和社会阶层呈正相关。在种族与高危饮酒之间未发现总体关联。男性性别和较高的社会经济地位与高危饮酒几率增加有关。双向分层分析在所有自变量分层中均产生了一致的性别效应。
研究结果表明，社会和文化因素决定了当地的饮酒行为模式。需要对性别、种族和社会阶层对酒精使用和滥用的长期及差异影响进行更多研究，以解释它们作为社会健康不平等根源的作用。
