Bobak M, Room R, Pikhart H, Kubinova R, Malyutina S, Pajak A, Kurilovitch S, Topor R, Nikitin Y, Marmot M
International Centre for Health and Society, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004 Mar;58(3):238-42. doi: 10.1136/jech.2003.011825.
To examine, on empirical data, whether drinking patterns, in addition to overall alcohol consumption, contribute to differences in rates of alcohol related problems between populations.
Cross sectional survey.
One Russian, one Polish, and one Czech city.
1118 men and 1125 women randomly selected from population registers.
Problem drinking; negative social consequences of drinking; alcohol consumption and drinking pattern.
Rates of problem drinking and of negative consequences of drinking were much higher in Russian men (35% and 18%, respectively) than in Czechs (19% and 10%) or Poles (14% and 8%). This contrasts with substantially lower mean annual intake of alcohol reported by Russian men (4.6 litres) than by Czech men (8.5 litres), and with low mean drinking frequency in Russia (67 drinking sessions per year, compared with 179 sessions among Czech men). However, Russians consumed the highest dose of alcohol per drinking session (means 71 g in Russians, 46 g in Czechs, and 45 g in Poles), and had the highest prevalence of binge drinking. In women, the levels of alcohol related problems and of drinking were low in all countries. In ecological and individual level analyses, indicators of binge drinking explained a substantial part of differences in rates of problem drinking and negative consequences of drinking between the three countries.
These empirical data confirm high levels of alcohol related problems in Russia despite low volume of drinking. The binge drinking pattern partly explains this paradoxical finding. Overall alcohol consumption does not suffice as an estimate of alcohol related problems at the population level.
基于实证数据，研究饮酒模式（除总体酒精消费量外）是否会导致不同人群中与酒精相关问题发生率的差异。
横断面调查。
俄罗斯、波兰和捷克的各一个城市。
从人口登记册中随机选取的1118名男性和1125名女性。
问题饮酒；饮酒的负面社会后果；酒精消费量和饮酒模式。
俄罗斯男性中问题饮酒率和饮酒负面后果率（分别为35%和18%）远高于捷克男性（19%和10%）或波兰男性（14%和8%）。这与俄罗斯男性报告的年均酒精摄入量（4.6升）显著低于捷克男性（8.5升）形成对比，且俄罗斯的平均饮酒频率较低（每年67次饮酒场合，而捷克男性为179次）。然而，俄罗斯人每次饮酒的酒精摄入量最高（俄罗斯人平均每次71克，捷克人46克，波兰人45克），且暴饮的患病率最高。在女性中，所有国家与酒精相关的问题和饮酒水平都较低。在生态和个体层面分析中，暴饮指标解释了三国之间问题饮酒率和饮酒负面后果率差异的很大一部分。
这些实证数据证实，尽管俄罗斯的饮酒量较低，但与酒精相关的问题水平较高。暴饮模式部分解释了这一矛盾的发现。总体酒精消费量不足以作为人群层面与酒精相关问题的估计指标。
