饮酒模式、戒酒及问题饮酒作为抑郁症状的风险因素：来自东欧三个城市人群的证据。
Drinking pattern, abstention and problem drinking as risk factors for depressive symptoms: evidence from three urban Eastern European populations.
作者信息
Bell Steven, Britton Annie, Kubinova Ruzena, Malyutina Sofia, Pajak Andrzej, Nikitin Yuri, Bobak Martin
机构信息
Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2014 Aug 13;9(8):e104384. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104384. eCollection 2014.
PURPOSE
To examine whether the frequency and amount of alcohol consumed in binge drinking sessions, total annual volume of alcohol consumed, problem drinking and abstaining from alcohol are associated with depressive symptoms in Eastern Europe.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Cross-sectional data from a total of 24,381 participants from general population samples of the Czech Republic (N = 7,601), Russia (N = 6,908) and Poland (N = 9,872) aged 45-69 years in 2002-2005. Depressive symptoms were defined as ≥ 16 points on the Centre for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D) scale. Several alcohol related measures were derived using responses from the graduated frequency questionnaire. Binge drinking was defined at several sex-specific thresholds (ranging from 60+ to 140+ g of ethanol) and two frequencies (at least monthly or weekly). Total annual alcohol intake in grams was also extracted. Problem drinking was defined as ≥ 2 positive answers on the CAGE questionnaire.
RESULTS
Problem drinking was consistently associated with approximately a 2-fold increase in odds of depressive symptoms across all countries and in both sexes. Abstaining from alcohol was typically associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms. Analyses separating lifelong abstainers and former drinkers in the Russian cohort revealed that this increased odds was driven by former drinkers. Amongst men, heavy frequent binge drinking was associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms in the Czech Republic and Poland. In women, heavy infrequent binge drinking was associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms in Russia and Poland. Only in Polish men was higher annual volume of alcohol intake associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSION
Abstaining from alcohol and problem drinking were associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms in these Eastern European populations. Annual volume of alcohol intake as well as frequency and amount of alcohol consumed in a binge drinking session were less consistently associated with depressive symptoms.
目的
研究东欧地区暴饮时段的饮酒频率和饮酒量、年度酒精总摄入量、问题饮酒及戒酒与抑郁症状之间是否存在关联。
对象与方法
横断面数据来自2002年至2005年捷克共和国（N = 7601）、俄罗斯（N = 6908）和波兰（N = 9872）45至69岁普通人群样本中的24381名参与者。抑郁症状定义为在流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）上得分≥16分。通过分级频率问卷的回答得出了几种与酒精相关的测量指标。暴饮定义为几个特定性别的阈值（乙醇含量从60克以上到140克以上）和两种频率（至少每月一次或每周一次）。还提取了以克为单位的年度酒精总摄入量。问题饮酒定义为在CAGE问卷上有≥2个肯定回答。
结果
在所有国家和两性中，问题饮酒始终与抑郁症状的几率增加约2倍相关。戒酒通常与抑郁症状几率增加相关。对俄罗斯队列中终身戒酒者和既往饮酒者进行分析后发现，这种几率增加是由既往饮酒者导致的。在男性中，重度频繁暴饮与捷克共和国和波兰的抑郁症状几率增加相关。在女性中，重度不频繁暴饮与俄罗斯和波兰的抑郁症状几率增加相关。仅在波兰男性中，较高的年度酒精摄入量与抑郁症状几率增加相关。
结论
在这些东欧人群中，戒酒和问题饮酒与抑郁症状几率增加相关。年度酒精摄入量以及暴饮时段的饮酒频率和饮酒量与抑郁症状的关联不太一致。
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