Soriano Fernando I, Rivera Lourdes M, Williams Kara J, Daley Sandra P, Reznik Vivian M
Academic Center of Excellence on Youth Violence Prevention, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0831, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2004 Mar;34(3):169-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.07.015.
The purpose of this paper is to review three cultural concepts (acculturation, ethnic identity, bicultural self-efficacy) and their relationship to the known risk and protective factors associated with youth violence. We conducted a review of the relevant literature that addresses these three cultural concepts and the relationship among culture, violent behavior, and associated cognition. The available literature suggests that ethnic identity and bicultural self-efficacy can be best thought of as protective factors, whereas acculturation can be a potential risk factor for youth violence. We examine the connection between these cultural concepts and the risk and protective factors described in the 2001 Surgeon General's Report on Youth Violence, and present a summary table with cultural risk and protective factors for violence prevention. These concepts can assist physicians in identifying risk and protective factors for youth violence when working with multicultural adolescents and their families. Physicians are more effective at providing appropriate referrals if they are aware that navigating among different cultures influences adolescent behavior.
本文旨在回顾三个文化概念（文化适应、族群认同、双文化自我效能感）及其与已知的青少年暴力相关风险因素和保护因素之间的关系。我们对涉及这三个文化概念以及文化、暴力行为和相关认知之间关系的相关文献进行了综述。现有文献表明，族群认同和双文化自我效能感最好被视为保护因素，而文化适应可能是青少年暴力的一个潜在风险因素。我们研究了这些文化概念与2001年美国卫生局局长关于青少年暴力的报告中所描述的风险因素和保护因素之间的联系，并给出了一个关于预防暴力的文化风险和保护因素的汇总表。这些概念可以帮助医生在与多元文化背景的青少年及其家庭打交道时，识别青少年暴力的风险因素和保护因素。如果医生意识到在不同文化间穿梭会影响青少年的行为，那么他们在提供适当的转诊建议时会更有效。
