Vives Ingrid, Grimalt Joan O, Catalan Jordi, Rosseland Björn O, Battarbee Rick W
Department of Environmental Chemistry (I.C.E.R.-C.S.L.C.), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Feb 1;38(3):690-8. doi: 10.1021/es030089j.
The analysis of hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexanes, polychlorobiphenyls, and DDTs in muscle of fish from high mountain lakes shows that a proportion of their concentration variance depends on fish age and lake altitude. Interestingly, the magnitude of this share corresponds linearly with the log-transformed vapor pressure (Vp) of the organochlorine compounds (OC). Thus, the distributions of OC with Vp < 10(-2.5) Pa are mostly determined by these two variables. Altitude gradients mainly respond to temperature differences, involving concentration increases of 25-150 times between 8.7 and -2.3 degrees C. The age effect encompasses concentration increments of 2.4-7.8 for average lake differences between 2 and 13 yr. However, both effects are independent since no correlation between fish age and lake altitude is observed. Fish liver concentrations exhibit the same pattern, but the correlations are only significantfor age, suggesting thatthe temperature trend is more related to long-term accumulation than episodic intake. The temperature effect is independent from compound origin. In addition, the sites situated at highest altitude, those most distant from possible ground pollution sources, are the most polluted. The results can be explained by condensation effects such as those described for the latitudinal trends that support the global distillation theory. However, in the high altitude lakes a temperature-dependent amplification mechanism, probably related to low metabolism and respiration at lowtemperatures, enhances OC accumulation in fish beyond the increases predicted from theoretical condensation and solubilization enthalpies. The observed temperature dependence suggests that a general remobilization of OC accumulated in high mountain areas could take place as a consequence of the general warming of these areas anticipated in the climatic change studies.
对高山湖泊鱼类肌肉中六氯苯、六氯环己烷、多氯联苯和滴滴涕的分析表明，它们浓度变化的一部分取决于鱼的年龄和湖泊海拔。有趣的是，这一比例的大小与有机氯化合物（OC）的对数转换蒸气压（Vp）呈线性对应。因此，Vp < 10(-2.5) Pa的有机氯化合物的分布主要由这两个变量决定。海拔梯度主要响应温度差异，在8.7摄氏度至 -2.3摄氏度之间，浓度增加25至150倍。年龄效应包括平均湖龄在2至13年之间时浓度增加2.4至7.8倍。然而，这两种效应是相互独立的，因为未观察到鱼的年龄与湖泊海拔之间存在相关性。鱼肝中的浓度呈现相同模式，但仅年龄相关性显著，这表明温度趋势与长期积累的关系比与偶发摄入的关系更大。温度效应与化合物来源无关。此外，位于最高海拔、距离可能的地面污染源最远的地点污染最严重。这些结果可以用冷凝效应来解释，就像支持全球蒸馏理论的纬度趋势所描述的那样。然而，在高海拔湖泊中，一种可能与低温下低代谢和低呼吸有关的温度依赖性放大机制，增强了鱼类体内有机氯化合物的积累，超过了理论冷凝和溶解焓预测的增加量。观察到的温度依赖性表明，由于气候变化研究中预计这些地区普遍变暖，高山地区积累的有机氯化合物可能会普遍重新迁移。
