Piñero Jaime C, Prokopy Ronald J
Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
J Chem Ecol. 2003 Dec;29(12):2735-48. doi: 10.1023/b:joec.0000008017.16911.aa.
The attractiveness of different synthetic host odors and a synthetic aggregation pheromone (grandisoic acid [GA]) to overwintered adult plum curculios (PCs), Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was examined using two types of traps (sticky panels and black pyramids) placed in border areas surrounding an unsprayed section of an apple orchard in Massachusetts. In 2001, we evaluated the response of PCs to three synthetic fruit volatiles (benzaldehyde [BEN], ethyl isovalerate [EIV], and limonene [LIM]) assessed alone and in combination with GA, as well as the response to GA alone and a no-odor (control) treatment. BEN was the only host volatile that synergized the response of PCs to GA for both trap types. For both trap types, GA was as attractive to PCs as a single component as when in combination with either EIV or LIM. In 2002, four release rates of BEN (0, 2.5, 10, and 40 mg/day) and two release rates of GA (1 and 2 mg/day) were evaluated for attractiveness to PCs using panel and pyramid traps. For panel traps, an increase in amount of GA released (from 1 to 2 mg/day) was associated with a 35% increase in captures. However, PC captures by pyramid traps were similar regardless of the amount of GA released. For panel traps, 10 and 40 mg/day of BEN were the most attractive release rates regardless of the amount of GA released. For pyramid traps baited with GA. PC captures were enhanced by the presence of BEN, regardless of release rate. In 2003, GA at 1 mg/day + BEN at 80 mg/day of release did not enhance PC captures by panel traps relative to lower release rates of BEN. Pyramid traps releasing GA at 1 mg/day performed best when baited with BEN at 10 mg/day of release; a release rate of 80 mg/day of BEN decreased the attractiveness of the binary combination of BEN + GA. Combined results suggest that BEN at 10 mg/day + GA at 1 mg/day of release constitutes an attractive lure that may improve the effectiveness of monitoring traps for PCs.
利用放置在马萨诸塞州一个未喷洒农药的苹果园周边边界区域的两种诱捕器（粘虫板和黑色金字塔诱捕器），研究了不同合成寄主气味以及一种合成聚集信息素（大茴香酸 [GA]）对越冬的成年李象甲（PCs），即 Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst)（鞘翅目：象甲科）的吸引力。2001年，我们评估了李象甲对三种合成水果挥发物（苯甲醛 [BEN]、异戊酸乙酯 [EIV] 和柠檬烯 [LIM]）单独以及与GA组合时的反应，以及对单独的GA和无气味（对照）处理的反应。BEN是唯一能增强两种诱捕器类型中李象甲对GA反应的寄主挥发物。对于两种诱捕器类型，GA作为单一成分对李象甲的吸引力与与EIV或LIM组合时一样。2002年，使用粘虫板和金字塔诱捕器评估了四种BEN释放速率（0、2.5、10和40毫克/天）和两种GA释放速率（1和2毫克/天）对李象甲的吸引力。对于粘虫板诱捕器，GA释放量的增加（从1毫克/天增加到2毫克/天）与捕获量增加35%相关。然而，无论GA释放量如何，金字塔诱捕器捕获的李象甲数量相似。对于粘虫板诱捕器，无论GA释放量如何，10和40毫克/天的BEN是最具吸引力的释放速率。对于用GA诱饵的金字塔诱捕器，无论释放速率如何，BEN的存在都会增加李象甲的捕获量。2003年，相对于较低的BEN释放速率，1毫克/天的GA + 80毫克/天的BEN释放量并没有增加粘虫板诱捕器捕获的李象甲数量。当用10毫克/天的BEN诱饵时，释放1毫克/天GA的金字塔诱捕器效果最佳；80毫克/天的BEN释放量降低了BEN + GA二元组合的吸引力。综合结果表明，10毫克/天的BEN + 1毫克/天的GA释放量构成一种有吸引力的诱饵，可能会提高监测李象甲诱捕器的有效性。
