USDA ARS, Stored-Product Insect Research Unit Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 53706, Madison, Wisconsin.
J Chem Ecol. 1993 Apr;19(4):723-34. doi: 10.1007/BF00985004.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the behavioral activity of grain-derived volatiles as attractants and pheromone synergists forSitophilus oryzae, an internal-feeding pest of sound grain, andTribolium castaneum, an external-feeding pest of damaged grains and flour. Behavioral studies with two-choice pitfall bioassays determined that the fresh grain volatiles valeraldehyde, maltol, and vanillin were attractive toS. oryzae at various doses, butT. castaneum were not attracted to any dose of any of these three compounds. When oils from pressed grains were bioassayed, sesame oil was significantly repellent and oat and wheat germ oils were attractive toS. oryzae. However, rice, soybean, oat, wheat germ, and corn oils were all attractive toT. castaneum. A commercial food product composed primarily of soybean oil and wheat germ was highly attractive toT. castaneum, but elicited no response fromS. oryzae. A combination of the three grain volatiles valeraldehyde, maltol, and vanillin with the synthetic pheromone sitophinone was more attractive toS. oryzae than either the pheromone alone or the tripartite grain volatile mix. Similarly, a combination of the commercial food product with the pheromone 4,8-dimethyldecanal was more attractive toT. castaneum than either food alone or pheromone alone. Behavioral responses to grain volatiles may reflect the ecological niche of the granivore:S. oryzae colonizes sound grain and is attracted to volatiles characteristic of fresh grain, whileT. castaneum utilizes damaged or deteriorated grains and responds best to oils characteristic of damaged or fungus-infested grain. Synergism of food odors and pheromones suggests that more effective traps can be devised for management of these pest insects.
实验室实验研究了谷物衍生挥发物作为引诱剂和信息素增效剂对米象（一种内部取食的健康谷物害虫）和赤拟谷盗（一种外部取食的受损谷物和面粉害虫）的行为活性。采用双选择陷阱生物测定法进行的行为研究表明，新鲜谷物挥发物正戊醛、麦芽醇和香草醛在不同剂量下对米象具有吸引力，但赤拟谷盗对这三种化合物的任何剂量均不感兴趣。当对压榨谷物的油进行生物测定时，芝麻油具有明显的驱避作用，而燕麦和小麦胚芽油对米象具有吸引力。然而，米、大豆、燕麦、小麦胚芽和玉米油对赤拟谷盗均具有吸引力。一种主要由大豆油和小麦胚芽油组成的商业食品对赤拟谷盗极具吸引力，但对米象没有反应。三种谷物挥发物正戊醛、麦芽醇和香草醛与合成信息素 sitophinone 的组合对米象的吸引力大于单独的信息素或三种谷物挥发性混合物。同样，商业食品与信息素 4,8-二甲基癸醛的组合对赤拟谷盗的吸引力大于单独的食品或信息素。对谷物挥发物的行为反应可能反映了食谷者的生态位：米象在健康谷物上定殖，对新鲜谷物特有的挥发物有吸引力，而赤拟谷盗利用受损或变质的谷物，对受损或受真菌感染的谷物特有的油类反应最好。食物气味和信息素的协同作用表明，可以设计出更有效的诱捕器来管理这些害虫。
