Eliasson Ann-Christin, Rösblad Birgit, Forssberg Hans
Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2004 Jan;46(1):19-27. doi: 10.1017/s0012162204000040.
We investigated in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) the ability to programme and execute goal-directed arm movements. The sample consisted of 25 males with ADHD (mean age 11 years 6 months, SD 1 year 11 months, range 8 to 15 years) and 25 age-matched typically developing males. The children moved a cursor on a screen by moving a hand-held indicator on a horizontal digitizing tablet. Start and target positions on the screen were always visible during the movement. The screen cursor, however, could either be visible throughout the movement (visual feedback) or blanked at movement initiation (without visual feedback). Analysis showed that movement control was impaired in children with ADHD and that their problems were especially pronounced during the without-visual-feedback condition. In this condition, the children with ADHD exhibited large end-point errors and prolonged movement durations. As there can be no visual corrections of the movement during this condition, results indicate poorer motor programming in children with ADHD. Moreover, children with ADHD performed jerky movements and showed a reduced capacity to select a movement speed that met with the accuracy demands of the movement.
我们研究了患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童规划和执行目标导向手臂动作的能力。样本包括25名患有ADHD的男性（平均年龄11岁6个月，标准差1年11个月，范围8至15岁）和25名年龄匹配的发育正常男性。孩子们通过在水平数字化平板电脑上移动手持指示器来移动屏幕上的光标。在移动过程中，屏幕上的起始位置和目标位置始终可见。然而，屏幕光标在整个移动过程中可以一直可见（视觉反馈），也可以在移动开始时消失（无视觉反馈）。分析表明，ADHD儿童的动作控制受损，并且他们的问题在无视觉反馈条件下尤为明显。在这种条件下，患有ADHD的儿童表现出较大的终点误差和延长的移动持续时间。由于在此条件下无法对动作进行视觉校正，结果表明ADHD儿童的运动编程较差。此外，患有ADHD的儿童动作急促，并且选择符合动作精度要求的运动速度的能力降低。
