Jemal Ahmedin, Tiwari Ram C, Murray Taylor, Ghafoor Asma, Samuels Alicia, Ward Elizabeth, Feuer Eric J, Thun Michael J
Cancer Occurrence, Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
CA Cancer J Clin. 2004 Jan-Feb;54(1):8-29. doi: 10.3322/canjclin.54.1.8.
Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and mortality rates are age standardized to the 2000 US standard million population. A total of 1,368,030 new cancer cases and 563,700 deaths are expected in the United States in 2004. Incidence rates stabilized among men from 1995 through 2000 but continued to increase among females by 0.4% per year from 1987 through 2000. Mortality rates have decreased by 1.5% per year since 1992 among men, but have stabilized from 1998 through 2000 among women. Cancer death rates continued to decrease from the three major cancer sites in men (lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, and prostate) and from female breast and colorectal cancers in women. In analyses by race and ethnicity, African-American men and women have 40% and 20% higher death rates from all cancers combined compared with White men and women, respectively. Cancer incidence and mortality rates are lower in other racial and ethnic groups than in Whites and African Americans for all sites combined and for the four major cancer sites. However, these groups generally have higher rates for stomach, liver, and cervical cancers than do Whites. Furthermore, minority populations are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stage disease than are Whites. Progress in reducing the burden from cancer can be accelerated by applying existing cancer control knowledge into practice among all segments of the population.
美国癌症协会每年都会预估当年美国预计新增的癌症病例数和死亡人数,并根据美国国立癌症研究所的发病率数据和美国国家卫生统计中心的死亡率数据,汇编有关癌症发病率、死亡率和生存率的最新数据。发病率和死亡率按年龄标准化为2000年美国标准百万人口。2004年美国预计将有1,368,030例新增癌症病例和563,700例死亡。1995年至2000年期间男性发病率趋于稳定,但1987年至2000年期间女性发病率每年持续上升0.4%。自1992年以来男性死亡率每年下降1.5%,但1998年至2000年期间女性死亡率趋于稳定。男性的三大主要癌症部位(肺癌和支气管癌、结肠癌和直肠癌以及前列腺癌)以及女性的乳腺癌和结直肠癌的癌症死亡率继续下降。在按种族和族裔进行的分析中,非裔美国男性和女性的所有癌症综合死亡率分别比白人男性和女性高40%和20%。所有部位以及四大主要癌症部位的癌症发病率和死亡率在其他种族和族裔群体中低于白人和非裔美国人。然而,这些群体的胃癌、肝癌和宫颈癌发病率通常高于白人。此外,少数族裔人群比白人更有可能被诊断为晚期疾病。通过将现有的癌症控制知识应用于全体人群的实践中,可以加快减轻癌症负担的进程。