Brendle Jennifer R, Wenzel Amy
Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8380, USA.
Behav Res Ther. 2004 Feb;42(2):155-71. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00107-4.
Although individual cognitive biases toward threat in social anxiety are well established, few studies have examined the manner in which cognitive biases work in conjunction. In the present study, socially anxious ( n = 54 ) and nonanxious ( n = 58 ) individuals read 10 passages consisting of positive social or evaluative, negative social or evaluative, and neutral content and completed two cognitive tasks assessing memory of factual details and interpretation immediately and after 48 h. Socially anxious and nonanxious individuals did not differ in their memory for details presented in the passages. However, they made less positive and more negative interpretations of details included in the passages, particularly in positive passages that were self-relevant and particularly in positive passages after the delay. After including depression, state anxiety, and trait anxiety as covariates, biased interpretation of positive passages after the time delay remained significant, but biased interpretation of the self-relevant, positive passages did not. It is concluded that socially anxious individuals are characterized by accurate memory of threatening, factual material, but that they impose a biased interpretation upon that material, especially after some time has passed.
尽管社交焦虑中个体对威胁的认知偏差已得到充分证实，但很少有研究考察这些认知偏差协同作用的方式。在本研究中，社交焦虑个体（n = 54）和非焦虑个体（n = 58）阅读了10篇文章，这些文章包含积极的社交或评价性、消极的社交或评价性以及中性内容，并完成了两项认知任务，分别在阅读后立即以及48小时后评估对事实细节的记忆和解读。社交焦虑个体和非焦虑个体在对文章中呈现细节的记忆方面没有差异。然而，他们对文章中包含的细节做出的积极解读较少，消极解读较多，尤其是在与自我相关的积极文章中，以及延迟后阅读的积极文章中。在将抑郁、状态焦虑和特质焦虑作为协变量纳入分析后，延迟后对积极文章的偏差解读仍然显著，但对与自我相关的积极文章的偏差解读不再显著。研究得出结论，社交焦虑个体的特点是对威胁性事实材料有准确的记忆，但他们会对这些材料进行有偏差的解读，尤其是在一段时间过去之后。
