Maiti J, Chatterjee S, Bangdiwala S I
Department of Mining and Geology, Bengal Engineering College (A Deemed University), Howrah, WB, India.
Inj Control Saf Promot. 2004 Mar;11(1):29-37. doi: 10.1076/icsp.11.1.29.26305.
In spite of stringent regulations and much attention towards reducing risks in the physical environment, the mining industry continues to be associated with high levels of accidents, injuries and illnesses. Only engineering solutions to accident prevention are inappropriate unless coupled with focused attention to the attitudes and behaviours of the mineworkers in coping with the inherent physical, technical and situational risks. The present study identified these various risk factors and analysed their influences on work injury in a causal framework. Data were collected from an underground coalmine of India. The pattern and strength of relationships of 16 causal factors with work injuries were assessed through structural equation modelling. The case study results showed that negatively personified individuals are of major concern for safety improvement in the mine studied. They not only fail to avoid work injuries, they are unable to extend safe work behaviours in their work. The variable safety environment is negatively affected by personality, whereas social support has a positive relationship with safety environment. The variable job hazards appeared to have a significant relationship with job involvement, which has a negative relationship with work injury. Elimination of negative behaviours must be focused and committed by the mine safety management. Long term planning through (i) identification of negative individuals, (ii) proper councelling of adverse effects of negative behaviours, and (iii) special training with psychological treatment is highly required. Identification may begin while recruiting new workers through interview. Proper allocation of jobs (right person for right job) may be a judicial solution to this end.
尽管有严格的规定，且人们对降低物理环境中的风险给予了高度关注，但采矿业仍然与高水平的事故、伤害和疾病相关联。只有事故预防的工程解决方案是不合适的，除非同时专注于矿工应对内在物理、技术和情境风险时的态度和行为。本研究确定了这些各种风险因素，并在因果框架中分析了它们对工伤的影响。数据来自印度的一个地下煤矿。通过结构方程模型评估了16个因果因素与工伤之间关系的模式和强度。案例研究结果表明，在被研究的煤矿中，负面人格化的个体是安全改善的主要关注点。他们不仅无法避免工伤，而且在工作中也无法扩展安全工作行为。可变安全环境受到人格的负面影响，而社会支持与安全环境呈正相关。可变工作危险似乎与工作投入有显著关系，而工作投入与工伤呈负相关。煤矿安全管理必须专注并致力于消除负面行为。通过（i）识别负面个体、（ii）对负面行为的不利影响进行适当辅导以及（iii）进行心理治疗的特殊培训进行长期规划是非常必要的。识别可以在招聘新工人时通过面试开始。为此，合理分配工作（合适的人做合适的工作）可能是一个明智的解决方案。
