Larzelere Robert E, Kuhn Brett R, Johnson Byron
Department of Psychology, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5450, USA.
Psychol Bull. 2004 Mar;130(2):289-303. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.2.289.
Selection bias can be the most important threat to internal validity in intervention research, but is often insufficiently recognized and controlled. The bias is illustrated in research on parental interventions (punishment, homework assistance); medical interventions (hospitalization); and psychological interventions for suicide risk, sex offending, and juvenile delinquency. The intervention selection bias is most adequately controlled in randomized studies or strong quasi-experimental designs, although recent statistical innovations can enhance weaker designs. The most important points are to increase awareness of the intervention selection bias and to systematically evaluate plausible alternative explanations of data before making causal conclusions.
选择偏倚可能是干预研究中对内部效度最重要的威胁，但往往未得到充分认识和控制。这种偏倚在关于父母干预（惩罚、家庭作业辅导）、医学干预（住院治疗）以及针对自杀风险、性犯罪和青少年犯罪的心理干预的研究中有所体现。干预选择偏倚在随机研究或强有力的准实验设计中能得到最充分的控制，尽管最近的统计创新可以增强较弱的设计。最重要的是提高对干预选择偏倚的认识，并在得出因果结论之前系统地评估对数据看似合理的其他解释。
