University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA.
Int J Behav Med. 2011 Mar;18(1):52-64. doi: 10.1007/s12529-010-9110-0.
This study emphasizes the importance of studying the emotional, motivational, and cognitive characteristics accompanying and the potential hemodynamic mechanisms underlying cardiovascular reactivity to and recovery from interpersonal conflict.
The relation of dispositional hostility to cardiovascular reactivity during a frustrating anagram task and post-task recovery was investigated.
The sample was composed of 99 healthy participants (age, 18-30 years; 53% women; 51% Caucasian; 49% African American)-half randomly assigned to a harassment condition. High and low hostility groups were created by a median split specific to sex and race subgroup score distributions on the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. It was hypothesized that hostility would interact with harassment such that harassed, high hostile individuals would display the greatest cardiovascular and emotional reactivity and slowest recovery of the four groups. Participants completed a 10-min baseline, a 6-min anagram task, and a 5-min recovery period with blood pressure, heart rate, pre-ejection period, stroke index, cardiac index, and total peripheral resistance index measured.
Harassed participants displayed significantly greater cardiovascular responses and lower positive affect to the task and slower systolic blood pressure (SBP) recovery than did nonharassed participants. The high hostile group, irrespective of harassment, showed blunted cardiovascular responses during the task and delayed SBP recovery than the low hostile group.
Although the predicted interaction between hostility and harassment was not supported in the context of cardiovascular responses, such an interaction was observed in the context of blame attributions, whereby harassed hostile participants were found to blame others for their task performance than the other subgroups.
本研究强调了研究伴随人际冲突的情绪、动机和认知特征以及潜在的心血管反应和恢复的血流动力学机制的重要性。
研究了特质敌意与挫折性字谜任务期间和任务后恢复期间的心血管反应之间的关系。
该样本由 99 名健康参与者组成（年龄 18-30 岁；53%为女性；51%为白种人；49%为非裔美国人）-一半随机分配到骚扰组。根据 Cook-Medley 敌意量表的性别和种族亚组分数分布，通过中位数分割创建了高和低敌意组。假设敌意会与骚扰相互作用，以至于受到骚扰的、高敌意的个体在四个组中表现出最大的心血管和情绪反应以及最慢的恢复。参与者完成了 10 分钟的基线、6 分钟的字谜任务和 5 分钟的恢复期，期间测量血压、心率、射血前期、心搏指数、心输出量指数和总外周阻力指数。
受到骚扰的参与者在任务期间表现出显著更大的心血管反应和更低的积极情绪，并且收缩压（SBP）恢复较慢，而未受到骚扰的参与者则表现出更快的 SBP 恢复。高敌意组，无论受到骚扰与否，在任务期间表现出心血管反应迟钝，SBP 恢复延迟，而低敌意组则表现出更快的 SBP 恢复。
尽管在心血管反应的背景下没有支持敌意和骚扰之间的预期相互作用，但在归因于责备的背景下观察到了这种相互作用，其中受到骚扰的敌意参与者被发现比其他亚组更责备他人的任务表现。
