吸烟者和曾经吸烟者对声称风险降低的香烟的反应。
Smoker and ex-smoker reactions to cigarettes claiming reduced risk.
作者信息
Shiffman S, Pillitteri J L, Burton S L, Di Marino M E
机构信息
Pinney Associates and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
出版信息
Tob Control. 2004 Mar;13(1):78-84. doi: 10.1136/tc.2003.005272.
CONTEXT
The tobacco industry is introducing modified tobacco products claiming to reduce the risk of smoking (potential reduced exposure products, PREPs). If PREPs are perceived as safe, they may deter smokers from quitting and encourage re-initiation by smokers who have quit.
OBJECTIVE
To assess smokers' and ex-smokers' perceptions of PREPs and the impact of PREP claims on interest in quitting (among smokers) or in resuming smoking (ex-smokers).
DESIGN
A random-digit-dialled survey of US smokers and ex-smokers. We used Eclipse, a modified PREP cigarette, as an exemplar PREP. During the survey, the interviewer read risk reduction claims made for Eclipse by its manufacturer, assessing smokers' interest in quitting before and after the exposure.
PARTICIPANTS
1000 current cigarette smokers and 499 ex-smokers (300 quit within the last two years), over 18 years old.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Perception of risk reduction from Eclipse; interest in using Eclipse; smokers' interest in quitting was assessed using a stage of change approach (pre- and post-exposure to claims).
RESULTS
91% of smokers thought Eclipse was safer than regular cigarettes. 24% believed Eclipse was completely safe. 57.4% of smokers were interested in using Eclipse; interest was greatest among smokers who were contemplating quitting. Exposure to Eclipse's claims was followed by reduced interest in quitting. Among all ex-smokers, interest in Eclipse was 6.2%, but interest was 15.2% among young adults (18-25 years) who had stopped smoking within two years.
CONCLUSIONS
There is substantial risk that smokers will overinterpret reduced risk claims made for modified tobacco products. PREPs appeal to smokers who are contemplating quitting and exposure to reduced risk product claims appears to reduce smokers' readiness to quit. PREPs also appealed to young adults who had recently stopped smoking. Thus, reduced risk tobacco product claims can undermine adult cessation and youth prevention, possibly resulting in increased harm even if the products are less toxic.
背景
烟草行业正在推出声称可降低吸烟风险的改良烟草产品（潜在低暴露产品，PREPs）。如果PREPs被视为安全产品，它们可能会阻碍吸烟者戒烟，并鼓励已戒烟者重新开始吸烟。
目的
评估吸烟者和已戒烟者对PREPs的认知，以及PREP宣传对戒烟意愿（吸烟者）或恢复吸烟意愿（已戒烟者）的影响。
设计
对美国吸烟者和已戒烟者进行随机数字拨号调查。我们使用改良的PREP香烟Eclipse作为PREP的示例。在调查过程中，访员宣读了Eclipse制造商提出的降低风险声明，评估吸烟者在接触声明前后的戒烟意愿。
参与者
1000名当前吸烟者和499名已戒烟者（300名在过去两年内戒烟），年龄超过18岁。
主要观察指标
对Eclipse降低风险的认知；使用Eclipse的意愿；吸烟者的戒烟意愿采用行为改变阶段法进行评估（接触声明前后）。
结果
91%的吸烟者认为Eclipse比普通香烟更安全。24%的人认为Eclipse完全安全。57.4%的吸烟者有使用Eclipse的意愿；意愿在考虑戒烟的吸烟者中最为强烈。接触Eclipse的声明后，戒烟意愿降低。在所有已戒烟者中，对Eclipse的兴趣为6.2%，但在两年内戒烟的18至25岁年轻人中，兴趣为15.2%。
结论
吸烟者极有可能过度解读改良烟草产品的降低风险声明。PREPs对考虑戒烟的吸烟者有吸引力，接触降低风险产品声明似乎会降低吸烟者的戒烟意愿。PREPs也吸引了最近戒烟的年轻人。因此，降低风险烟草产品声明可能会破坏成人戒烟和青少年预防工作，即使产品毒性较小，也可能导致危害增加。
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