UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2013 May 3;13:432. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-432.
Although research suggests that the majority of smokers want to quit smoking, the uptake of Stop Smoking Services, designed to assist smokers with quitting, remains low. Little is known about continuing smokers who do not access these services, and opportunities to influence their motivation and encourage quit attempts through the uptake of services. Using PRIME theory, this study explored differences between continuing smokers who had varying levels of motivation to quit, in terms of their plans to quit, evaluative beliefs about smoking, cigarette dependence, and attitudes towards tobacco control policies and services.
Twenty-two current smokers, recruited from the community, were classified by motivation level to quit using a self-report questionnaire (two groups: high/low). Four focus groups (n=13) and individual interviews (n=9) were conducted with both groups using an interview guide incorporating aspects of PRIME theory. Discussion areas included motives for smoking, attitudes towards smoking and quitting, perceptions of dependence, motives for quitting, barriers to quitting, and attitudes towards existing and impending tobacco control policies and services. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using thematic framework analysis.
All participants expressed low motivation to quit during discussions, despite some initially self-classifying as having high explicit levels of motivation to quit. Both groups reported similar attitudes towards smoking and quitting, including a perceived psychological addiction to smoking, positive evaluations about smoking which inhibited plans to quit, and similar suggested methods to increase motivation (simply wanting to, save money, improve health). Most felt that they 'ought' to quit as opposed to 'wanted' to. Little influence was ascribed towards tobacco control policies such as plain packaging and hidden sales displays, and participants felt that price increases of tobacco products needed to be considerable in order to influence motivation. Highly motivated smokers expressed more willingness to visit Stop Smoking Services, although none had done so.
Continuing smokers' attitudes towards smoking and quitting suggests that research and policy need to focus on increasing smokers' implicit motivation to quit smoking, even for those who classified themselves as having high motivation to quit. Targeted information and further education about Stop Smoking Services is required to increase uptake.
尽管研究表明，大多数吸烟者都希望戒烟，但参与旨在帮助吸烟者戒烟的戒烟服务的人数仍然很低。对于那些不使用这些服务的继续吸烟者，我们知之甚少，也不知道如何通过参与服务来影响他们的动机并鼓励他们尝试戒烟。本研究使用 PRIME 理论，探讨了具有不同戒烟动机水平的继续吸烟者在戒烟计划、对吸烟的评价信念、香烟依赖程度以及对烟草控制政策和服务的态度方面的差异。
使用自我报告问卷（两组：高/低），从社区招募了 22 名当前吸烟者，根据他们的戒烟动机水平进行分类。对两组参与者分别进行了四次焦点小组讨论（n=13）和个人访谈（n=9），访谈指南结合了 PRIME 理论的各个方面。讨论内容包括吸烟动机、对吸烟和戒烟的态度、对依赖的看法、戒烟动机、戒烟障碍以及对现有和即将出台的烟草控制政策和服务的态度。对逐字记录的转录进行了主题框架分析。
尽管有些参与者最初自我分类为具有高明确的戒烟动机水平，但在讨论过程中，所有参与者都表示戒烟动机较低。两组参与者对吸烟和戒烟的态度相似，包括对吸烟的心理依赖、对吸烟的积极评价，这些评价阻碍了戒烟计划，以及类似的增加动机的建议方法（仅仅是想、省钱、改善健康）。大多数人认为他们“应该”戒烟，而不是“想要”戒烟。参与者对诸如平装和隐藏销售展示等烟草控制政策的影响几乎没有影响，并且认为烟草产品价格需要大幅上涨才能影响动机。高动机吸烟者表示更愿意访问戒烟服务，但没有人这样做。
继续吸烟者对吸烟和戒烟的态度表明，研究和政策需要关注提高吸烟者戒烟的内隐动机，即使是那些自我分类为具有高戒烟动机的吸烟者。需要提供有关戒烟服务的针对性信息和进一步教育，以提高参与度。
