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学龄前儿童乳牙表层釉质铅含量的体内研究。

In vivo studies on lead content of deciduous teeth superficial enamel of preschool children.

作者信息

Gomes Viviane Elisângela, Rosário de Sousa Maria da Luz, Barbosa Fernando, Krug Francisco José, Pereira Saraiva Maria da Conceição, Cury Jaime Aparecido, Gerlach Raquel Fernanda

机构信息

Department of Community Dentistry, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, CEP 13414-018, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.

出版信息

Sci Total Environ. 2004 Mar 5;320(1):25-35. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.08.013.

Abstract

The amount of lead in the superficial enamel of deciduous teeth from 4- and 5-year-old children was determined by means of an enamel biopsy followed by lead analysis by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Children examined in this study (n=329) attended public preschools in the city of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The selection of preschools was based on geographical location: some were located in an industrial area of the city, whereas others were located in an area devoid of industries. The objectives of this study were (1) to test whether enamel biopsies were an appropriate method for lead content population screening in young children; (2) to verify the lead content of superficial enamel of preschool children's deciduous teeth and to compare the results obtained from children exposed to different environments; (3) to analyze how biopsy depth correlated with lead content and affected comparisons between groups. An adhesive tape with a central hole (diameter=1.6 mm) was placed on one of the upper central incisors. Five microliters of 1.6 M l(-1) HCl in 70% glycerol (v/v) were applied to this area for 20 s, followed by a rinse with 5-microl ultrapurified water for 10 s. It was shown that the technique was feasible for population studies on young children. The lead concentration in enamel biopsies from the industrial area children (median: 169 ppm Pb) was significantly higher than that from the children living far from industries (118.1 ppm Pb) (P<0.0001). Analysis of the data showed that biopsies deeper than 3.9 microm gave more reliable results for comparisons between groups. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use an enamel microbiopsy to characterize a large sample of young children in vivo for lead monitoring in teeth.

摘要

通过牙釉质活检,然后采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行铅分析,测定了4至5岁儿童乳牙表层牙釉质中的铅含量。本研究中接受检查的儿童(n = 329)就读于巴西圣保罗州皮拉西卡巴市的公立幼儿园。幼儿园的选择基于地理位置:一些位于城市的工业区,而另一些位于无工业的区域。本研究的目的是:(1)测试牙釉质活检是否是幼儿铅含量群体筛查的合适方法;(2)验证学龄前儿童乳牙表层牙釉质的铅含量,并比较不同环境中儿童的检测结果;(3)分析活检深度与铅含量的相关性以及对组间比较的影响。将一个带有中心孔(直径 = 1.6毫米)的胶带贴在上颌中切牙之一上。将5微升70%甘油(v/v)中的1.6 M l(-1) HCl应用于此区域20秒,然后用5微升超纯水冲洗10秒。结果表明,该技术对于幼儿群体研究是可行的。工业区儿童牙釉质活检中的铅浓度(中位数:169 ppm Pb)显著高于远离工业区儿童的铅浓度(118.1 ppm Pb)(P < 0.0001)。数据分析表明,深度超过3.9微米的活检在组间比较中能得出更可靠的结果。据我们所知,本研究是首次使用牙釉质微生物活检对大量幼儿进行体内牙齿铅监测的研究。

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