National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
IUBMB Life. 2009 Nov;61(11):1029-42. doi: 10.1002/iub.256.
The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria can be used as a genetically encoded fluorescence marker due to its autocatalytic formation of the chromophore. In recent years, numerous GFP-like proteins with emission colors ranging from cyan to red were discovered in marine organisms. Their diverse molecular properties enabled novel approaches in live cell imaging but also impose certain limitations on their applicability as markers. In this review, we give an overview of key structural and functional properties of fluorescent proteins that should be considered when selecting a marker protein for a particular application and also discuss challenges that lie ahead in the further optimization of the glowing probes.
绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）来自水母维多利亚多管发光水母，由于其自身催化形成的生色团，可作为一种遗传编码的荧光标记物。近年来，在海洋生物中发现了许多具有从青色到红色的发射颜色的 GFP 样蛋白。它们的多种分子特性使在活细胞成像中采用新方法成为可能，但也对其作为标记物的适用性造成了一定限制。在这篇综述中，我们概述了荧光蛋白的关键结构和功能特性，在为特定应用选择标记蛋白时应考虑这些特性，并讨论了在进一步优化发光探针方面所面临的挑战。
