Palenik C J, Riggen S D, Celis L J, Sheldrake M A, Miller C H
Department of Oral Microbiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis.
Clin Prev Dent. 1992 Jan-Feb;14(1):28-34.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the killing effect that treatment in gravity or high-vacuum steam autoclaves had on endospores present on strips or applied to dental needles within 10 types of small sharps containers. Spore strips containing Bacillus stearothermophilus endospores were used, while needles were soiled with an equal number of spores or with spores mixed with blood. Needles were tested capped and uncapped. Strips and needles were autoclaved in empty and 3/4 filled containers placed in several orientations (vents open or closed, upward or on-side). If sterilization was not accomplished within the initial period, additional exposure time was added up to a one hour maximum. Major findings for gravity autoclaves were: 1) strips and needles present in empty containers could, in most cases, be sterilized within 15 minutes when the vents were left open and the containers were placed on-side; 2) spore- and spore plus blood-soiled needles were more difficult to sterilize then were commercial spore strips; 3) capping of needles and the presence of blood did not decrease sterilization efficiency; 4) sterilization in the presence of fill material required additional exposure times and 5) larger containers (greater than 500 ml volume) were more difficult to sterilize than were the smaller (250 ml) ones. All type of open-vented, filled containers could be sterilized within 10 minutes in a high-vacuum autoclave.
本研究的目的是评估在重力式或高真空蒸汽灭菌器中进行处理对10种小型锐器容器内的条带上或牙科针上存在的芽孢的杀灭效果。使用含有嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌芽孢的芽孢条带，而针则被等量的芽孢或与血液混合的芽孢弄脏。对盖帽和未盖帽的针进行测试。将条带和针在放置于几个方向（通风口打开或关闭、向上或侧面）的空容器和3/4装满的容器中进行高压灭菌。如果在初始时间段内未完成灭菌，则增加额外的暴露时间，最长可达1小时。重力式高压灭菌器的主要发现如下：1）当通风口打开且容器侧放时，大多数情况下，空容器中的条带和针在15分钟内可被灭菌；2）被芽孢和芽孢加血液弄脏的针比商业芽孢条带更难灭菌；3）针盖帽和血液的存在并未降低灭菌效率；4）在有填充材料的情况下进行灭菌需要额外的暴露时间；5）较大的容器（体积大于500毫升）比较小的（250毫升）容器更难灭菌。所有类型的通风口打开且装满的容器在高真空高压灭菌器中10分钟内均可被灭菌。
