Trapp Stefan
Environment & Resources DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2004;11(1):33-9. doi: 10.1065/espr2003.08.169.
Models for predicting uptake and transport of chemicals in plants are applied in pesticide design, risk assessment, and environmental biotechnology.
This review considers the theoretical basics of the most popular models, and discusses what they have in common. The line is drawn between models for neutral compounds, and models for weak and strong electrolytes.
Neutral Compounds. Neutral compounds undergo only very few processes inside plants (lipophilic interactions, metabolism), in contrast to weak electrolytes. The models developed for neutral compounds are widely applied in the risk assessment of environmental contaminants, but are not of much use for weak electrolytes, such as pesticides. Weak electrolytes. A very important process for weak electrolytes is the 'ion trap', which traps chemicals that dissociate inside plant cells. This is considered in the popular models of Kleier, Satchivi and Briggs. Other relevant processes for electrolytes are electrophilic interactions, speciation and complex formation. None of the currently used models considers these processes.
The accuracy of models for neutral compounds is satisfactory, but the prediction of electrolyte behavior inside plants is still quite difficult due to gaps in knowledge.
用于预测化学物质在植物中吸收和转运的模型应用于农药设计、风险评估和环境生物技术领域。
本综述探讨了最常用模型的理论基础，并讨论了它们的共同之处。区分了中性化合物模型与弱电解质和强电解质模型。
中性化合物。与弱电解质相比，中性化合物在植物体内仅经历极少的过程（亲脂性相互作用、代谢）。为中性化合物开发的模型广泛应用于环境污染物的风险评估，但对弱电解质（如农药）用处不大。弱电解质。弱电解质的一个非常重要的过程是“离子捕获”，它会捕获在植物细胞内解离的化学物质。这在克莱尔、萨奇维和布里格斯的常用模型中有所考虑。电解质的其他相关过程是亲电相互作用、物种形成和络合物形成。目前使用的模型均未考虑这些过程。
中性化合物模型的准确性令人满意，但由于知识上的空白，预测植物体内电解质行为仍然相当困难。
