Tereshchenko I V, Goldyreva T P, Bronnikov V I
Klin Med (Mosk). 2004;82(1):62-8.
The effects of xenobiotics on morphological structure and function of the thyroid gland (TG) were analysed. Salts of heavy metals (zink, lead, copper, cadmium, surma etc.) were measured in TG of 152 citizens of Kama region who had died of trauma in the 1960s (n = 73), 1990s (n = 20) and 2000s (n = 52). TG is shown to accumulate xenobiotics. As the examinees had no occupational contact with heavy metal salts (HMS), their deposits in TG is explained by anthropogenic pollution of the environment. HMS in the thyroid tissue was much lower than in later decades indicating aggravation of environmental pollution in the Urals. Being protoplasmic poisons, HMS bind proteins and provoke immune reaction. All the examinees who died after 2000 had histologically proved deposits of immunocompetent cells in TG tissue--lymphoid and plasmic TG infiltration. In the 1960s these TG alterations were absent. Goiter endemia can be stopped by improvement of environmental protection in each ecopolluted region and mass iodine prophylaxis.
分析了外源性物质对甲状腺形态结构和功能的影响。对卡马地区152名在20世纪60年代（n = 73）、90年代（n = 20）和21世纪（n = 52）死于创伤的居民的甲状腺进行了重金属（锌、铅、铜、镉、雄黄等）盐含量检测。结果显示甲状腺会蓄积外源性物质。由于受检者并无职业性接触重金属盐的情况，其甲状腺中的沉积物可归因于人为环境污染。甲状腺组织中的重金属盐含量远低于后几十年，这表明乌拉尔地区的环境污染在加剧。重金属盐作为原生质毒物，会结合蛋白质并引发免疫反应。所有2000年以后死亡的受检者经组织学证实，其甲状腺组织中有免疫活性细胞沉积——甲状腺淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润。在20世纪60年代，并未出现这些甲状腺改变。通过改善各生态污染地区的环境保护措施和大规模碘预防措施，可以控制甲状腺肿地方病。
