Eilam Gavriela
Tel-Aviv University.
Sci Context. 2003 Dec;16(4):551-77. doi: 10.1017/s0269889703000966.
This article attempts to show that the cultural-historical psychological theory of Aleksandr R. Luria (Luriya) and his colleagues is based on the foundations of historical materialism. It argues in particular that Luria's psychology, neuropsychology, and brain theory are integrated in the same scientific research program and are based on the same philosophical premises, and that his theories must be interpreted in the Marxist context in which they are embedded. Luria's research program asserts that the development of higher mental functions depends on the appropriation of cultural means, particularly language, within social practice. Moreover, the brain structures underlying mental functions are also dependent on the appropriation of cultural means. Luria's clinical diagnosis and his program for rehabilitation of patients with brain lesions are based on his psychological theory and brain theory. The following analysis of Luria's comprehensive program will show that a socio-cultural non-reductive explanation of mental functions and their underlying brain structures may have implications for the philosophical discussion of the mind-brain problem.
本文试图表明，亚历山大·R·卢里亚（鲁利亚）及其同事的文化历史心理理论是基于历史唯物主义的基础之上。特别要指出的是，卢里亚的心理学、神经心理学和大脑理论都融入在同一个科学研究项目中，且基于相同的哲学前提，并且他的理论必须在其所处的马克思主义语境中进行解读。卢里亚的研究项目认为，高级心理功能的发展取决于在社会实践中对文化手段，尤其是语言的运用。此外，心理功能背后的大脑结构同样依赖于对文化手段的运用。卢里亚对脑部病变患者的临床诊断及其康复方案是基于他的心理学理论和大脑理论。下面对卢里亚综合方案的分析将表明，对心理功能及其潜在大脑结构进行社会文化层面的非还原论解释，可能会对心脑问题的哲学讨论产生影响。
