Craig P S, Rogan M T, Campos-Ponce M
Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, Bioscience Research Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M54WT, UK.
Parasitology. 2003;127 Suppl:S5-20.
Echinococcosis is one of the world's most geographically widespread parasitic zoonoses, with transmission occurring in tropical, temperate and arctic biomes. Most human infections are due to Echinococcus granulosus transmitted between domestic dogs and livestock, but this cosmopolitan species also cycles between wild carnivores (principally canids) and wild ungulates. The other species with significant zoonotic potential is E. multilocularis that occurs naturally in fox definitive hosts and small mammal intermediate hosts. These two species cause human cystic or alveolar echinococcosis respectively, which may be considered serious public health problems in several regions including developed countries. This review provides an introductory overview to the Supplement and summarises the biology and epidemiology of these two related cestodes with an emphasis on applied aspects relating to detection, diagnosis and surveillance in animal and human populations, and includes aspects of transmission ecology, and also considers aspects of community epidemiology and potential for control.
棘球蚴病是世界上地理分布最广泛的寄生虫人畜共患病之一，在热带、温带和北极生物群落中均有传播。大多数人类感染是由细粒棘球绦虫在家犬和家畜之间传播所致，但这种世界性分布的物种也在野生食肉动物（主要是犬科动物）和野生有蹄类动物之间循环。另一种具有重大人畜共患病潜力的物种是多房棘球绦虫，它自然存在于狐狸终末宿主和小型哺乳动物中间宿主中。这两个物种分别导致人类囊性或泡型棘球蚴病，在包括发达国家在内的几个地区，这可能被视为严重的公共卫生问题。本综述对该增刊进行了初步概述，并总结了这两种相关绦虫的生物学和流行病学，重点是与动物和人类群体的检测、诊断和监测相关的应用方面，包括传播生态学方面，还考虑了社区流行病学方面以及控制潜力。
