Byers Jacqueline Fowler, Thornley Kristen
University of Central Florida, School of Nursing, P.O. Box 162210, Orlando, FL 32816-2210, USA.
MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2004 Mar-Apr;29(2):84-9; quiz 90-1. doi: 10.1097/00005721-200403000-00004.
Unfortunately the history of pain management in infant care has included decades of inadequate analgesia for a wide range of medical procedures, including major surgery. This was justified in part on fear of drug and analgesic risks to the infant, as well as the commonly held belief that infants do not respond to, or remember, painful experiences. Today we understand that infant pain is encoded into observable manifestations through which an infant communicates behavioral and physiological changes such as altered vital signs, characteristic cries, and facial expressions. The purposes of this article are to (1) describe infants' physiological and behavioral responses to pain and its adverse effects, (2) review pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic infant pain management modalities and reliable pain assessment tools for use in clinical practice, and (3) educate healthcare professionals about the importance of assessment and management of infant pain.
不幸的是，在婴儿护理中，疼痛管理的历史包括了几十年对包括大手术在内的各种医疗程序镇痛不足的情况。部分原因是担心药物和镇痛对婴儿有风险，以及普遍认为婴儿不会对疼痛经历做出反应或记住这些经历。如今我们明白，婴儿的疼痛会转化为可观察到的表现，通过这些表现婴儿传达行为和生理变化，如生命体征改变、特征性哭声和面部表情。本文的目的是：（1）描述婴儿对疼痛的生理和行为反应及其不良影响；（2）回顾用于临床实践的药理学和非药理学婴儿疼痛管理模式以及可靠的疼痛评估工具；（3）让医疗保健专业人员了解评估和管理婴儿疼痛的重要性。
