Breuninger H
Universitäts-Hautklinik, Tuebingen.
Hautarzt. 2004 Mar;55(3):254-8. doi: 10.1007/s00105-004-0698-3.
A pilonidal sinus is a invagination of the skin over the sacrum containing a tuft of hair which enlarges by repeated friction causing the hairs to penetrate the skin. It may become symptomatic if an infection occurs. There are similarities with acne inversa, which is present in about 23% of cases. Acne inversa is an inflammation of the sebaceous glands and terminal hair follicles, chiefly in the intertriginous areas. The first manifestation can occur at any time from puberty to advanced age. 90% of patients are smokers. Initially giant comedones and indolent subcutaneous nodules are found; they progress to form draining sinus tracts. Conservative treatment, incision and/or surgical removal of the abscesses and fistulas is futile. The method of choice is the early complete surgical excision of the involved skin extending into normal tissue both laterally and at the base. In most cases healing of the defects by secondary intention is uneventful.
藏毛窦是骶骨上方皮肤的内陷，其中含有一簇毛发，反复摩擦会使其增大，导致毛发穿透皮肤。如果发生感染，可能会出现症状。它与反向性痤疮有相似之处，约23%的病例中会出现反向性痤疮。反向性痤疮是皮脂腺和终毛毛囊的炎症，主要发生在皮肤褶皱部位。首发症状可在青春期至老年的任何时候出现。90%的患者为吸烟者。最初会发现巨大的粉刺和无痛性皮下结节；它们会发展形成引流窦道。保守治疗、切开和/或手术切除脓肿及瘘管是无效的。首选方法是早期将受累皮肤完整切除，向外侧和底部延伸至正常组织。在大多数情况下，二期愈合的缺损情况良好。
