Gibson Bryan, Sanbonmatsu David M
Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004 Feb;30(2):149-60. doi: 10.1177/0146167203259929.
Three studies examined the relation between dispositional optimism and gambling. In Study 1, optimists were more likely than pessimists to have positive gambling expectations and report maintaining these expectations following losses. They also were more likely to indicate that winning money was a primary motivation for their gambling. Study 2 demonstrated that pessimists but not optimists reduce their betting and expectations after poor gaming performance. Study 3 replicated this effect using a more controlled experiment and showed that after losing, optimists report remembering more near wins than do pessimists. Thus, all three studies suggest that optimists, more than pessimists, maintain positive expectations and continue gambling after experiencing negative gaming outcomes. The authors suggest that despite optimism's many benefits, there are common situations in which the pessimistic tendency to disengage is beneficial.
三项研究考察了性格乐观与赌博之间的关系。在研究1中，乐观者比悲观者更有可能持有积极的赌博期望，并报告在输钱后仍保持这些期望。他们也更有可能表明赢钱是他们赌博的主要动机。研究2表明，在游戏表现不佳后，悲观者会减少下注和期望，但乐观者不会。研究3使用更具控制性的实验重复了这一效应，并表明在输钱后，乐观者报告记得的接近赢的次数比悲观者更多。因此，所有三项研究都表明，与悲观者相比，乐观者在经历负面游戏结果后更能保持积极期望并继续赌博。作者认为，尽管乐观有诸多益处，但在一些常见情况下，消极的脱离倾向是有益的。
