Kassa Hailu, Harrington Brian J, Bisesi Michael S
Department of Public & Allied Health, College of Health & Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA.
J Environ Health. 2004 Mar;66(7):34-40, 45.
Canada geese are increasingly abundant in Ohio, with large nesting populations throughout the state, and goose feces contaminate grassy areas and pavements in many public, commercial, and residential sites. In 1999 the authors found a high prevalence of Giardia, Campylobacter, and especially Cryptosporidium in collected feces of Canada geese. The purpose of this follow-up study was to survey known Canada geese sites in three counties in Ohio (Lucas, Ottawa, and Wood) and to determine the prevalence of sites testing positive for Cryptosporidium. The sites included golf courses, cemeteries, public parks, and health care and teaching facilities. At each of 11 sites, 12 goose feces of wet and loose appearance were collected and manually compressed into one composite sample representing that site. The samples were tested for Cryptosporidium with a sensitive monoclonal enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. In 2000 and 2001, nine of 11 sites (81.8 percent) and nine of 10 sites (90 percent), respectively, were positive for Cryptosporidium. The species or genotypes of Cryptosporidium found in the geese feces and their potential to infect humans is unknown. A survey of the literature indicates, however, that while C. parvum (human genotype) is the main cause of cryptosporidiosis in humans, C. parvum (zoonotic genotypes), C. meleagridis (bird genotype), and C. felis (cat genotype) have occasionally been isolated from infected people. Further research is required to define the public health importance of Cryptosporidium in feces of Canada geese and other bird species.
加拿大鹅在俄亥俄州的数量日益增多，该州各地都有大量筑巢群体，鹅粪污染了许多公共、商业和住宅场所的草地和人行道。1999年，作者在收集的加拿大鹅粪便中发现贾第虫、弯曲杆菌，尤其是隐孢子虫的高感染率。这项后续研究的目的是调查俄亥俄州三个县（卢卡斯、渥太华和伍德）已知的加拿大鹅栖息地，并确定隐孢子虫检测呈阳性的场所比例。这些场所包括高尔夫球场、墓地、公园以及医疗和教学设施。在11个场所中的每一个，收集了12份外观湿润且松散的鹅粪，并手动压缩成一个代表该场所的复合样本。采用灵敏的单克隆酶免疫测定（EIA）方法对样本进行隐孢子虫检测。在2000年和2001年，11个场所中的9个（81.8%）和10个场所中的9个（90%）分别对隐孢子虫检测呈阳性。在鹅粪便中发现的隐孢子虫种类或基因型及其感染人类的可能性尚不清楚。然而，一项文献调查表明，虽然微小隐孢子虫（人类基因型）是人类隐孢子虫病的主要病因，但微小隐孢子虫（人畜共患基因型）、火鸡隐孢子虫（鸟类基因型）和猫隐孢子虫（猫基因型）偶尔也从感染者中分离出来。需要进一步研究来确定隐孢子虫在加拿大鹅和其他鸟类粪便中的公共卫生重要性。
