Simó Miñan J, de Pablo González R, Ramos Maestre M J, Gaztambide Ganuza M S
Médico Especialista en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud ALTABIX, Elche, Alicante, España.
Aten Primaria. 2004 Mar 31;33(5):244-53. doi: 10.1016/s0212-6567(04)79410-x.
To find out if the performance of the pharmaceutical expenditure between the most developed European countries come close more to a luxury good or a necessary good. To compare the pharmaceutical Spanish expenditure with the one of those countries.
Cross-sectional study.
International. Europe.
European countries members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Union.
The data come from the OECD reports and other papers with the same source of information. The majority of the data refer to year 2000. The relationship between pharmaceutical expenditure and other variables as expenditure on health, on research and development (R&D), and socio-demographic variables are analysed with correlation and multiple linear regression.
In both groups of countries, the Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPPC) is positively and significantly correlated with the expenditure per capita on health (public and total) and on R&D, but not with pharmaceutical expenditure per capita (PhEPC). The pharmaceutical expenditure as part of total expenditure on health (PhE/TE) or as percentage of GDP (PhE/GDP), is negatively and significantly correlated with income (GDPPC). The regression model accepts as explicative variables of PhE/GDP: the income (negatively), the employment in health (negatively) and the PhEPC (positively). The PhEPC in Spain is situated in the average of the most developed European countries, and expressed as PhE/TE or as PhE/GDP is situated in the group of the countries with greater pharmaceutical expenditure, the majority of them with a lower GDPPC to the Spanish one.
The performance of the pharmaceutical expenditure between the countries studied come close to a necessary good than to a luxury good. The PhEPC in Spain is situated in the average of these countries and, expressed as PhE/GDP or as PhE/TE, would be according to the Spanish income.
探究欧洲最发达国家的药品支出表现更接近奢侈品还是必需品。比较西班牙的药品支出与这些国家的药品支出情况。
横断面研究。
国际。欧洲。
经济合作与发展组织（OECD）和欧盟的欧洲成员国。
数据来自经合组织报告及其他信息来源相同的文件。大部分数据为2000年数据。通过相关性分析和多元线性回归分析药品支出与其他变量（如卫生支出、研发支出和社会人口统计学变量）之间的关系。
在两组国家中，人均国内生产总值（GDPPC）与人均卫生支出（公共卫生支出和总卫生支出）及研发支出呈正相关且具有统计学意义，但与人均药品支出（PhEPC）无关。药品支出占卫生总支出的比例（PhE/TE）或占GDP的比例（PhE/GDP）与收入（GDPPC）呈负相关且具有统计学意义。回归模型接受以下变量作为PhE/GDP的解释变量：收入（负相关）、卫生领域就业情况（负相关）和PhEPC（正相关）。西班牙的PhEPC处于欧洲最发达国家的平均水平，以PhE/TE或PhE/GDP表示时，处于药品支出较高国家的组别，其中大多数国家的GDPPC低于西班牙。
在所研究国家中，药品支出表现更接近必需品而非奢侈品。西班牙的PhEPC处于这些国家的平均水平，以PhE/GDP或PhE/TE表示时，与西班牙的收入水平相符。
