Interventions, Law and Policies Unit, European Monitoring Centre for Drug and Drug Addictions (EMCDDA), Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2010 May 17;5:9. doi: 10.1186/1747-597X-5-9.
"Labelled drug-related public expenditure" is the direct expenditure explicitly labelled as related to illicit drugs by the general government of the state. As part of the reporting exercise corresponding to 2005, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction's network of national focal points set up in the 27 European Union (EU) Member States, Norway, and the candidates countries to the EU, were requested to identify labelled drug-related public expenditure, at the country level. This was reported by 10 countries categorised according to the functions of government, amounting to a total of EUR 2.17 billion. Overall, the highest proportion of this total came within the government functions of Health (66%), and Public Order and Safety (POS) (20%). By country, the average share of GDP was 0.023% for Health, and 0.013% for POS. However, these shares varied considerably across countries, ranging from 0.00033% in Slovakia, up to 0.053% of GDP in Ireland in the case of Health, and from 0.003% in Portugal, to 0.02% in the UK, in the case of POS; almost a 161-fold difference between the highest and the lowest countries for Health, and a 6-fold difference for POS. Why do Ireland and the UK spend so much in Health and POS, or Slovakia and Portugal so little, in GDP terms? To respond to this question and to make a comprehensive assessment of drug-related public expenditure across countries, this study compared Health and POS spending and GDP in the 10 reporting countries. Results found suggest GDP to be a major determinant of the Health and POS drug-related public expenditures of a country. Labelled drug-related public expenditure showed a positive association with the GDP across the countries considered: r = 0.81 in the case of Health, and r = 0.91 for POS. The percentage change in Health and POS expenditures due to a one percent increase in GDP (the income elasticity of demand) was estimated to be 1.78% and 1.23% respectively. Being highly income elastic, Health and POS expenditures can be considered luxury goods; as a nation becomes wealthier it openly spends proportionately more on drug-related health and public order and safety interventions.
“标注的毒品相关公共支出”是指国家政府明确标注与非法毒品有关的直接支出。作为 2005 年报告工作的一部分，欧洲毒品和毒瘾监测中心（EMCDDA）在 27 个欧盟成员国、挪威以及欧盟候选国内设立的国家联络点网络要求在国家一级确定标注的毒品相关公共支出。共有 10 个国家根据政府职能进行了分类报告，共计 21.7 亿欧元。总体而言，这一总额中最高的比例来自政府的卫生（66%）和公共秩序与安全（POS）职能（20%）。就国家而言，卫生方面占国内生产总值的平均份额为 0.023%，POS 为 0.013%。然而，这些份额在各国之间差异很大，从斯洛伐克的 0.00033%到爱尔兰的卫生方面占国内生产总值的 0.053%不等，从葡萄牙的 POS 方面的 0.003%到英国的 0.02%不等；卫生方面最高和最低国家之间的差异近 161 倍，POS 方面的差异为 6 倍。为什么爱尔兰和英国在卫生和 POS 方面的支出如此之多，或者斯洛伐克和葡萄牙的支出如此之少，以国内生产总值衡量？为了回答这个问题，并对各国的毒品相关公共支出进行全面评估，本研究比较了这 10 个报告国家的卫生和 POS 支出与国内生产总值。研究结果表明，国内生产总值是一个国家卫生和 POS 毒品相关公共支出的主要决定因素。考虑到各国的情况，标注的毒品相关公共支出与国内生产总值呈正相关：卫生方面 r = 0.81，POS 方面 r = 0.91。由于国内生产总值增加 1%（需求的收入弹性），卫生和 POS 支出的变化百分比估计分别为 1.78%和 1.23%。卫生和 POS 支出的收入弹性很高，可以被视为奢侈品；随着一个国家变得更加富裕，它在与毒品有关的健康和公共秩序与安全干预方面的支出也会相应地增加。
