Du Four V A, Van Larebeke N, Janssen C R
Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Mutat Res. 2004 Mar 14;558(1-2):155-67. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2003.12.002.
Atmospheric pollution is assumed to play a role in the incidence of respiratory diseases and cancers. Airborne particles are able to penetrate deep into the lung and are composed of complex chemical mixtures, including mutagens and carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). The present study reports mutagenic and genotoxic activities associated with ambient air collected near a busy street in Borgerhout, at an industrial site in Hoboken and in Peer, a rural community 70 km east of Antwerp in Flanders, Belgium. Airborne particulates (PM10) and semi-volatile organic compounds were sampled during winter and summer. Samples were collected with a high-volume sampler using quartz filters (QF) and polyurethane foam (PUF) cartridges. The mutagenic and genotoxic activity of the organic extracts was determined using the Salmonella test/standard plate-incorporation assay and the Vitotox assay. Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the extracts were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mutagenicity assay, using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98, demonstrated direct mutagenicity of up to 58 revertants/m3 for the QF extracts and low or no mutagenic activity in the PUF extracts. Metabolic activation of the samples resulted in high indirect mutagenicity for both QF and PUF extracts: up to 96 revertants/m3 were found in QF samples and 62 revertants/m3 in PUF samples. Genotoxic effects of the filter extracts were assessed with the Vitotox assay: some direct genotoxic effects were noted, i.e. without metabolic activation, but almost no effects were observed after metabolic activation. Without activation, most PUF extracts were bacteriotoxic. With metabolic activation this toxicity disappeared, but genotoxic effects were not observed. Statistical analysis showed that the observed biological effects correlated well with the PAH concentrations.
大气污染被认为与呼吸系统疾病和癌症的发病率有关。空气中的颗粒物能够深入肺部，且由复杂的化学混合物组成，包括诱变剂和致癌物，如多环芳烃（PACs）。本研究报告了在比利时弗拉芒大区安特卫普以东70公里的农村社区皮尔、霍博肯的一个工业场地以及博赫霍特一条繁忙街道附近采集的环境空气中的诱变和遗传毒性活性。在冬季和夏季对空气中的颗粒物（PM10）和半挥发性有机化合物进行了采样。使用大容量采样器，通过石英滤膜（QF）和聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）吸附管采集样品。使用沙门氏菌试验/标准平板掺入法和Vito毒素试验测定有机提取物的诱变和遗传毒性活性。通过反相高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定提取物中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的浓度。使用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98菌株进行的诱变性试验表明，QF提取物的直接诱变性高达58回复突变体/立方米，而PUF提取物的诱变活性较低或无诱变活性。样品的代谢活化导致QF和PUF提取物都具有很高的间接诱变性：QF样品中发现高达96回复突变体/立方米，PUF样品中为62回复突变体/立方米。用Vito毒素试验评估滤膜提取物的遗传毒性作用：观察到一些直接遗传毒性作用，即无代谢活化时，但代谢活化后几乎未观察到作用。无活化时，大多数PUF提取物具有细菌毒性。有代谢活化时，这种毒性消失，但未观察到遗传毒性作用。统计分析表明，观察到的生物学效应与PAH浓度密切相关。
