McClellan Jon, Prezbindowski Amy, Breiger David, McCurry Chris
Department of Psychiatry CH-13, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Schizophr Res. 2004 May 1;68(1):21-6. doi: 10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00058-6.
This paper examines whether neuropsychological profiles of youth with early onset psychotic disorders predicted diagnostic or clinical status. Youth with schizophrenia (n=27), bipolar disorder (n=22), and psychosis NOS (n=20) were included. Subjects received an extensive neuropsychological evaluation, including measures of general cognition, attention, memory, and executive functioning. Medication status was not controlled. No statistically significant neurocognitive differences across diagnostic groups were found. Compared to standardized norms, youth with schizophrenia demonstrated deficits in general cognition, verbal learning, recall, sustained effort, and social knowledge. Subjects with bipolar disorder and psychosis NOS exhibited deficits on measures of verbal learning, recall, and sustained effort similar to those of youth with schizophrenia. Neurocognitive deficits in memory and attention appeared to be common among youth with psychotic illnesses, regardless of diagnosis. Those with schizophrenia may have greater global cognitive deficits and problems with social knowledge. Across diagnoses, subjects demonstrated relative strengths on tests that provided them with immediate feedback, and performed most poorly on tests requiring delayed recall.
本文探讨了早发性精神障碍青年的神经心理学特征是否能预测诊断结果或临床状况。研究纳入了患有精神分裂症的青年（n = 27）、双相情感障碍的青年（n = 22）以及未特定的精神障碍（NOS）的青年（n = 20）。受试者接受了全面的神经心理学评估，包括一般认知、注意力、记忆力和执行功能的测量。未对用药状况进行控制。未发现各诊断组之间存在统计学上显著的神经认知差异。与标准化常模相比，患有精神分裂症的青年在一般认知、言语学习、回忆、持续努力和社会知识方面存在缺陷。患有双相情感障碍和未特定的精神障碍（NOS）的受试者在言语学习、回忆和持续努力的测量方面表现出与患有精神分裂症的青年类似的缺陷。无论诊断如何，记忆和注意力方面的神经认知缺陷在患有精神疾病的青年中似乎很常见。患有精神分裂症的人可能存在更严重的整体认知缺陷和社会知识问题。在所有诊断组中，受试者在能提供即时反馈的测试中表现出相对优势，而在需要延迟回忆的测试中表现最差。
