Jazbec Anamarija, Simić Diana, Corović Naima, Duraković Zijad, Pavlović Mladen
Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, POB 291, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2003 Dec;21(4):332-40.
In Croatia, the mortality rate is higher than that in the countries of the European Union (EU), and consumption of coffee is moderate compared to the EU countries. The study examined the effects of coffee consumption on all-cause (general) mortality, mortality due to cardiovascular disease, and survival. Analyses were based on data obtained from an epidemiological longitudinal study started in 1969 with follow-ups in 1972, including 1,571 men and 1,793 women aged 35-59 years, and in 1982, including 1,093 men and 1,330 women. The sample was age- and gender-stratified and included urban and rural populations from three coastal and three continental regions of Croatia. During the observation period from spring 1972 to the end of 1999, 568 men and 382 women died. In total, 254 men and 181 women died due to cardiovascular disease. The sample was classified in 4 groups: non-drinkers, consumption of coffee sometimes, regularly 1-2 cup(s), and regularly more than 2 cups per day. Apart from coffee, the effects of diastolic blood pressure, smoking habit, well-being, stomach ulcer, and resident status were analyzed. Data on general mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular disease were also analyzed. The influence of region and the effects of diastolic pressure and smoking habit on general mortality and cardiovascular disease-associated mortality were confirmed in both the sexes. No significant effects of coffee consumption on general mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular disease were found among men. Positive effects of coffee on general mortality (p = 0.0089) but not on cardiovascular disease-associated mortality were observed among women. Women who regularly drank coffee 1-2 cup(s) per day had a significantly lower risk of all-cause death adjusted for age, region, smoking, diastolic blood pressure, feeling of well-being, and history of stomach ulcer (relative risk = 0.631; p = 0.0033; confidence interval: 0.464-0.857). The role of coffee consumption on mortality was less relevant than other variables. However, it cannot be completely neglected in women.
在克罗地亚，死亡率高于欧盟国家，且与欧盟国家相比，咖啡消费量处于中等水平。该研究考察了咖啡消费对全因（总体）死亡率、心血管疾病死亡率及生存率的影响。分析基于1969年启动的一项流行病学纵向研究的数据，该研究在1972年进行了随访，纳入了1571名年龄在35至59岁之间的男性和1793名女性，1982年的随访纳入了1093名男性和1330名女性。样本按年龄和性别分层，包括来自克罗地亚三个沿海地区和三个大陆地区的城乡人口。在1972年春季至1999年底的观察期内，有568名男性和382名女性死亡。其中，共有254名男性和181名女性死于心血管疾病。样本被分为四组：不喝咖啡者、偶尔喝咖啡者、每天定期饮用1至2杯咖啡者以及每天定期饮用超过2杯咖啡者。除咖啡外，还分析了舒张压、吸烟习惯、健康状况、胃溃疡和居住状况的影响。同时也分析了全因死亡率和心血管疾病死亡率的数据。在男女两性中均证实了地区以及舒张压和吸烟习惯对全因死亡率和心血管疾病相关死亡率的影响。在男性中未发现咖啡消费对全因死亡率和心血管疾病死亡率有显著影响。在女性中观察到咖啡对全因死亡率有积极影响（p = 0.0089），但对心血管疾病相关死亡率没有影响。每天定期饮用1至2杯咖啡的女性在调整年龄、地区、吸烟、舒张压、健康状况和胃溃疡病史后，全因死亡风险显著降低（相对风险 = 0.631；p = 0.0033；置信区间：0.464 - 0.857）。咖啡消费对死亡率的作用不如其他变量相关。然而，在女性中也不能完全忽视它。
