Bhandari Buna, Zeng Ling, Grafenauer Sara, Schutte Aletta E, Xu Xiaoyue
Central Department of Public Health, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 Feb 8;8(3):102095. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102095. eCollection 2024 Mar.
The relationship between beverage consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease has been extensively examined in cross-sectional studies. However, limited studies have investigated beverage consumption as a longer-term habitual behavior, which is important owing to potential cumulative harmful or beneficial cardiovascular effects. We examined the association between the long-term consumption of 6 types of beverages (sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened beverages, tea, coffee, fruit juice, energy drinks, and alcohol) and cardiovascular mortality, by considering sex differences. We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 2010 to December 2023. Of 8049 studies identified, 20 studies were included for meta-analysis. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with the use of a random-effects model. We found that long-term coffee consumption was related to reduced cardiovascular disease-related mortality in males (pooled HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.87; = 0.005) but not in females (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.02; = 0.07). Long-term higher intake of tea was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease-related mortality in all adults (pooled HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.92; ≤ 0.001). Higher alcohol intake was linked to higher stroke in both males (pooled HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.94; = 0.02) and females (pooled HR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.81; = 0.002). Higher sugar-sweetened beverage intake was in relation to higher cardiovascular disease-related mortality (pooled HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.46; ≤ 0.0001). We concluded that long-term habitual coffee consumption is beneficial for males, and tea consumption is beneficial for all adults. Long-term high alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption increased risk of cardiovascular disease-related mortality for both males and females. However, we were unable to draw conclusions on the potential benefit or harm of the long-term consumption of fruit juice and energy drinks on cardiovascular disease-related mortality owing to the limited number of studies available. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020214679.
在横断面研究中，已对饮料消费与心血管疾病风险之间的关系进行了广泛研究。然而，将饮料消费作为一种长期习惯性行为的研究较少，鉴于其潜在的累积有害或有益心血管效应，这一点很重要。我们通过考虑性别差异，研究了6种饮料（含糖或人工甜味饮料、茶、咖啡、果汁、能量饮料和酒精）的长期消费与心血管疾病死亡率之间的关联。我们对2010年至2023年12月的MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL、Web of Science和Scopus数据库进行了系统检索。在识别出的8049项研究中，纳入了20项研究进行荟萃分析。使用随机效应模型估计汇总风险比（HRs）和95%置信区间（CIs）。我们发现，长期饮用咖啡与男性心血管疾病相关死亡率降低有关（汇总HR：0.63；95%CI：0.46，0.87；P = 0.005），但与女性无关（HR：0.78；95%CI：0.60，1.02；P = 0.07）。长期较高的茶摄入量与所有成年人心血管疾病相关死亡率风险较低有关（汇总HR：0.81；95%CI：0.72，0.92；P≤0.001）。较高的酒精摄入量与男性（汇总HR：1.44；95%CI：1.06，1.94；P = 0.02）和女性（汇总HR：2.26；95%CI：1.34，3.81；P = 0.002）的中风发生率较高有关。较高的含糖饮料摄入量与较高的心血管疾病相关死亡率有关（汇总HR：1.31；95%CI：1.16，1.46；P≤0.0001）。我们得出结论，长期习惯性饮用咖啡对男性有益，饮用茶对所有成年人有益。长期大量饮用酒精和含糖饮料会增加男性和女性心血管疾病相关死亡率的风险。然而，由于现有研究数量有限，我们无法就长期饮用果汁和能量饮料对心血管疾病相关死亡率的潜在益处或危害得出结论。本综述已在PROSPERO注册，注册号为CRD42020214679。
