Sprunger Jason K, Herrell S Duke
Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, A-1302 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232-2765, USA.
Urol Clin North Am. 2004 Feb;31(1):61-9. doi: 10.1016/S0094-0143(03)00093-4.
The flexible ureteroscope has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of the entire upper urinary tract. Endoscopic tools have evolved, providing the surgeon with the armamentarium necessary to treat many different pathologic processes. Almost all renal calculi can be treated with retrograde ureteroscopy. The fragility of these new endoscopes is a concern, and great care must be taken when using them. With good technique and proper use of instruments, their working life can be extended.
可弯曲输尿管镜彻底改变了整个上尿路的诊断和治疗方式。内镜工具不断发展，为外科医生提供了治疗多种不同病理过程所需的器械。几乎所有肾结石都可以通过逆行输尿管镜进行治疗。这些新型内镜的易碎性令人担忧，使用时必须格外小心。凭借良好的技术和正确使用器械，它们的使用寿命可以延长。
