Wendt-Rasch L, Van den Brink P J, Crum S J H, Woin P
Department of Ecology, Chemical Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Solvegatan 37, Lund S-223 62, Sweden.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2004 Mar;57(3):383-98. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.09.010.
The effects of a pesticide mixture (asulam, fluazinam, lambda-cyhalothrin, and metamitron) on aquatic ecosystems were investigated in 20 outdoor aquatic microcosms. Ten of the microcosms simulated mesotrophic aquatic ecosystems dominated by submerged macrophytes (Elodea). The others simulated eutrophic ecosystems with a high Lemna surface coverage (Lemna). This paper describes the fate of the chemicals as well as their effects on the growth of Myriophyllum spicatum and the periphytic algal community. In the Elodea-dominated microcosms significant increase in the biomass and alterations of species composition of the periphytic algae were observed, but no effect on M. spicatum growth could be recorded in response to the treatment. The opposite was found in the Lemna-dominated microcosms, in which decreased growth of M. spicatum was observed but no alterations could be found in the periphytic community. In the Elodea-dominated microcosms the species composition of the periphytic algae diverged from that of the control following treatment with 0.5% spray drift emission of the label-recommended rate (5% for lambda-cyhalothrin), while reduced growth of M. spicatum in the Lemna-dominated microcosms was recorded at 2% drift (20% for lambda-cyhalothrin). This study shows that the structure of the ecosystem influences the final effect of pesticide exposure.
在20个室外水生微宇宙中研究了一种农药混合物（杀草强、氟啶胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯和嗪草酮）对水生生态系统的影响。其中10个微宇宙模拟了以沉水植物（伊乐藻）为主的中营养水生生态系统。其他微宇宙模拟了浮萍覆盖率高的富营养生态系统（浮萍）。本文描述了这些化学物质的归宿及其对狐尾藻生长和周丛藻类群落的影响。在以伊乐藻为主的微宇宙中，观察到周丛藻类的生物量显著增加且物种组成发生改变，但处理后未发现对狐尾藻生长有影响。在以浮萍为主的微宇宙中则发现了相反的情况，其中观察到狐尾藻生长下降，但周丛群落未发现变化。在以伊乐藻为主的微宇宙中，用标签推荐剂量（高效氯氟氰菊酯为5%）的0.5%喷雾漂移排放进行处理后，周丛藻类的物种组成与对照不同，而在以浮萍为主的微宇宙中，在2%漂移（高效氯氟氰菊酯为20%）时记录到狐尾藻生长下降。这项研究表明，生态系统的结构会影响农药暴露的最终效果。
