Murphy Kathleen, Boehme Jennifer, Coble Paula, Cullen Jay, Field Paul, Moore Willard, Perry Elgin, Sherrell Robert, Ruiz Gregory
Marine Invasions Research Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2004 Apr;48(7-8):711-30. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.10.015.
We examined methods for verifying whether or not ships have performed mid-ocean ballast water exchange (BWE) on four commercial vessels operating in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. During BWE, a ship replaces the coastal water in its ballast tanks with water drawn from the open ocean, which is considered to harbor fewer organisms capable of establishing in coastal environments. We measured concentrations of several naturally occurring chemical tracers (salinity, six trace elements, colored dissolved organic matter fluorescence and radium isotopes) along ocean transects and in ballast tanks subjected to varying degrees of BWE (0-99%). Many coastal tracers showed significant concentration changes due to BWE, and our ability to detect differences between exchanged and unexchanged ballast tanks was greatest under multivariate analysis. An expanded dataset, which includes additional geographic regions, is now needed to test the generality of our results.
我们研究了核实四艘在太平洋和大西洋运营的商船是否进行了大洋中压载水交换（BWE）的方法。在进行压载水交换时，船舶用从公海抽取的水替换其压载舱中的沿海水，公海被认为含有的能够在沿海环境中定殖的生物较少。我们沿着海洋断面并在经历了不同程度（0 - 99%）压载水交换的压载舱中测量了几种天然存在的化学示踪剂（盐度、六种微量元素、有色溶解有机物荧光和镭同位素）的浓度。许多沿海示踪剂因压载水交换而显示出显著的浓度变化，并且在多变量分析下，我们检测交换和未交换压载舱之间差异的能力最强。现在需要一个包括更多地理区域的扩展数据集来检验我们结果的普遍性。
