Venuti Judith M, Imielinska Celina, Molholt Pat
Office of Scholarly Resources, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
Clin Anat. 2004 Apr;17(3):261-71. doi: 10.1002/ca.10233.
There is considerable controversy concerning the role of cadaveric dissection in teaching gross anatomy and the potential of using 3D computer-generated images to substitute for actual laboratory dissections. There are currently few high-quality 3D virtual models of anatomy available to evaluate the utility of computer-generated images. Existing 3D models are frequently of structures that are easily examined in three dimensions by removal from the cadaver, i.e., the heart, skull, and brain. We have focused on developing a 3D model of the pelvis, a region that is conceptually difficult and relatively inaccessible for student dissection. We feel students will benefit tremendously from 3D views of the pelvic anatomy. We generated 3D models of the male pelvic anatomy from hand-segmented color Visible Human Male cryosection data, reconstructed and visualized by Columbia University's in-house 3D Vesalius trade mark Visualizer.(1) These 3D models depict the anatomy of the region in a realistic true-to-life color and texture. They can be used to create 3D anatomical scenes, with arbitrary complexity, where the component anatomical structures are displayed in correct 3D anatomical relationships. Moreover, a sequence of 3D scenes can be defined to simulate actual dissection. Structures can be added in a layered sequence from the bony framework to build from the "inside-out" or disassembled much like a true laboratory dissection from the "outside-in." These 3D reconstructed anatomical models can provide views of the structures from new perspectives and have the potential to improve understanding of the anatomical relationships of the pelvic region (http://www.cellbiology.lsuhsc.edu/People/Faculty/Venuti_Figures/movie_index.html).
关于尸体解剖在大体解剖学教学中的作用以及使用三维计算机生成图像替代实际实验室解剖的可能性，存在相当大的争议。目前几乎没有高质量的解剖学三维虚拟模型可用于评估计算机生成图像的效用。现有的三维模型通常是那些通过从尸体上移除后易于在三维空间中检查的结构，即心脏、头骨和大脑。我们专注于开发骨盆的三维模型，这是一个概念上困难且学生解剖相对难以触及的区域。我们认为学生将从骨盆解剖学的三维视图中受益匪浅。我们从手工分割的彩色可视人男性冷冻切片数据生成了男性骨盆解剖学的三维模型，并由哥伦比亚大学内部的三维维萨里可视化软件进行重建和可视化。（1）这些三维模型以逼真的真实颜色和纹理描绘了该区域的解剖结构。它们可用于创建具有任意复杂度的三维解剖场景，其中组成解剖结构以正确的三维解剖关系显示。此外，可以定义一系列三维场景来模拟实际解剖。结构可以从骨骼框架开始以分层顺序添加，从“内向外”构建，或者像真正的实验室解剖一样从“外向内”拆解。这些三维重建的解剖模型可以从新的视角提供结构视图，并有可能增进对骨盆区域解剖关系的理解（http://www.cellbiology.lsuhsc.edu/People/Faculty/Venuti_Figures/movie_index.html）。
