Brooks J D, Chao W M, Kerr J
Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
J Urol. 1998 Mar;159(3):868-72.
To improve understanding of the male pelvic anatomy pertinent to urological surgery we performed computer generated, 3-dimensional reconstruction of the male pelvis from the Visible Human data set.
A total of 18 discrete anatomical structures, including the prostate, bladder, urethra, rectum and pelvic musculature, was segmented from the Visible Human cross-sectional data obtained from the National Library of Medicine. Using high speed computing and rendering software, 3-dimensional models of each structure were generated and assembled into composite figures.
These reconstructions offer a revised view of pelvic anatomy as it has been traditionally depicted. The lateral surfaces of the levator ani muscle are oriented vertically in the pelvis and directly applied to the entire lateral surface of the prostate. The bladder rests primarily anterior to the prostate rather than directly above it, as has been commonly depicted. In the cross-sectional data and reconstructions the trigone and anterior fibromuscular stroma of the prostate appear as a single unit in continuity, which may have functional implications for understanding the mechanisms of continence at the bladder neck. The striated urethral sphincter appears circular with abundant tissue posteriorly. This sphincteric muscle has greater length anteriorly than posteriorly.
These 3-dimensional reconstructions provide unique insights into male pelvic anatomy. They are a useful teaching tool for investigation and virtual reality modeling of the male pelvis.
为了更好地理解与泌尿外科手术相关的男性盆腔解剖结构，我们利用可视人数据集进行了计算机生成的男性盆腔三维重建。
从美国国立医学图书馆获取的可视人横断面数据中，分割出包括前列腺、膀胱、尿道、直肠和盆腔肌肉组织在内的总共18个离散的解剖结构。使用高速计算和渲染软件，生成每个结构的三维模型并组装成复合图形。
这些重建提供了对传统描绘的盆腔解剖结构的修正视图。肛提肌的侧面在盆腔内垂直定向，并直接贴附于前列腺的整个侧面。膀胱主要位于前列腺前方，而非如通常所描绘的直接在其上方。在横断面数据和重建中，前列腺的三角区和前部纤维肌基质表现为连续的单一单元，这可能对理解膀胱颈控尿机制具有功能意义。横纹尿道括约肌呈环形，后方有丰富的组织。该括约肌肌肉前部比后部更长。
这些三维重建为男性盆腔解剖结构提供了独特的见解。它们是男性盆腔研究和虚拟现实建模的有用教学工具。
