Takeda F, Kawata C, Sonoda K, Kato T, Uchiyama K
Social Work Research Institute, Japan College of Social Work.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1992 Jun;39(6):326-40.
The relationship between the type of job and/or position of male white-collar workers to their working life, life style, health behavior, and health condition was examined based on data obtained from a survey of 1129 male workers in a major computer manufacturing company in 1988. The results were as follows: 1. Work, life style, health behavior, and health condition of male white-collar workers are strongly affected by type of job and position when adjusted for education, income, and age. 2. Workers in the sales department and engineering department appeared to have the most problems associated with working life, life style, health behavior, and health condition. Workers in sales, especially, displayed Type A behavior and their job was characterized by a lot of business transactions in a working environment that requires them to work until late at night. This leads to an irregular diet, late bed time, and makes their family relationships worse. Workers in the engineering department had work loads that were heavy because they have the longest working hours, and the content of their jobs is a mixture of both research and sales. Consequently their health is not good. On the other hands, workers in the laboratory had the best situation, and with general workers about average in terms of working life, life style, health behavior, and the state of health. 3. The department heads have the best conditions of life and health over all, except for their diet. The chiefs of sections are generally in the middle between the department heads and ordinary workers in terms of life and health. They drink and smoke heavily and show Type A behavior characteristics. Ordinary workers appear to have the most problems in working life, life style, health behavior, and health condition. From these results it may be concluded that this is associated with the difference in work type and position of these workers compared to managerial class and also with a low level of morale.
基于1988年对一家大型计算机制造公司1129名男性员工的调查数据，研究了男性白领的工作类型和/或职位与其工作生活、生活方式、健康行为及健康状况之间的关系。结果如下：1. 在对教育程度、收入和年龄进行调整后，男性白领的工作、生活方式、健康行为和健康状况受到工作类型和职位的强烈影响。2. 销售部门和工程部门的员工在工作生活、生活方式、健康行为和健康状况方面似乎存在最多问题。尤其是销售部门的员工表现出A型行为，他们的工作特点是在需要工作到深夜的工作环境中有大量业务往来。这导致饮食不规律、晚睡，还使他们的家庭关系变差。工程部门的员工工作量很大，因为他们工作时间最长，而且工作内容兼具研究和销售。因此他们的健康状况不佳。另一方面，实验室的员工情况最好，普通员工在工作生活、生活方式、健康行为和健康状况方面大致处于平均水平。3. 部门主管总体上生活和健康状况最佳，只是饮食方面除外。科长在生活和健康方面通常介于部门主管和普通员工之间。他们饮酒和吸烟量大，表现出A型行为特征。普通员工在工作生活、生活方式、健康行为和健康状况方面似乎问题最多。从这些结果可以得出结论，这与这些员工与管理层相比工作类型和职位的差异以及士气低落有关。
