Rastogi Tanuja, Reddy K Srinath, Vaz Mario, Spiegelman Donna, Prabhakaran D, Willett Walter C, Stampfer Meir J, Ascherio Alberto
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Apr;79(4):582-92. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/79.4.582.
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of death in India. Dietary changes could reduce risk, but few studies have addressed the association between diet and IHD risk in India.
The goal was to address the association between diet and IHD risk among Indians in New Delhi (northern India) and Bangalore (southern India).
We collected data from 350 cases of acute myocardial infarction and 700 controls matched on the basis of age, sex, and hospital as part of a hospital-based case-control study in 8 hospitals. Long-term dietary intake was assessed by using food-frequency questionnaires developed for New Delhi and Bangalore. We used conditional logistic regression to control for the matching factors and other predictors of risk.
We observed a significant and dose-dependent inverse association between vegetable intake and IHD risk. The inverse association was stronger for green leafy vegetables; in multivariate analysis, persons consuming a median of 3.5 servings/wk had a 67% lower relative risk (RR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.64; P for trend = 0.0001) than did those consuming 0.5 servings/wk. Controlling for other dietary covariates did not alter the association. Cereal intake was also associated with a lower risk. Use of mustard oil, which is rich in alpha-linolenic acid, was associated with a lower risk than was use of sunflower oil [for use in cooking: RR: 0.49 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.99); for use in frying, RR: 0.29 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.64)].
Diets rich in vegetables and use of mustard oil could contribute to the lower risk of IHD among Indians.
缺血性心脏病（IHD）是印度主要的死亡原因之一。饮食改变可能会降低风险，但很少有研究探讨印度饮食与IHD风险之间的关联。
旨在研究印度新德里（印度北部）和班加罗尔（印度南部）居民的饮食与IHD风险之间的关联。
作为一项在8家医院开展的基于医院的病例对照研究的一部分，我们收集了350例急性心肌梗死患者和700例年龄、性别及医院匹配的对照的数据。通过使用为新德里和班加罗尔设计的食物频率问卷评估长期饮食摄入量。我们使用条件逻辑回归来控制匹配因素和其他风险预测因素。
我们观察到蔬菜摄入量与IHD风险之间存在显著的剂量依赖性负相关。绿叶蔬菜的负相关更强；在多变量分析中，每周食用中位数为3.5份绿叶蔬菜的人相对风险比每周食用0.5份的人低67%（相对风险：0.33；95%置信区间：0.17，0.64；趋势检验P值 = 0.0001）。控制其他饮食协变量并未改变这种关联。谷物摄入量也与较低风险相关。富含α-亚麻酸的芥菜籽油的使用与较低风险相关，其风险低于葵花籽油[用于烹饪：相对风险：0.49（95%置信区间：0.24，0.99）；用于油炸：相对风险：0.29（95%置信区间：0.13，0.64）]。
富含蔬菜的饮食和芥菜籽油的使用可能有助于降低印度人患IHD的风险。
