Gajecka M, Jakimiuk E, Polak M, Otrocka-Domagała I, Janowski T, Zwierzchowski W, Obremski K, Zielonka L, Apoznański J, Gajecki M
Division of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
Pol J Vet Sci. 2004;7(1):59-66.
Both earlier investigations and complete formulas of pet food for dogs show that professionally prepared pet food is based in 30% on the material of the plant origin. Our own investigations prove that animal feeding stuffs of the plant origin are very often vectors of many undesirable substances (including micotoxins) that are unfavourable for carnivores. Zearalenone is a micotoxin, which frequently occurs among them. It was revealed in pet food in quantities from 5.0-299.5 microg/kg. It is a very dangerous xenobiotic because of its quick and easy absorption in the organism after per os application in monogastric animals. It is also a sterid and despite its plant origin it binds estrogen receptors in the reproductive tract and causes its hypo- and dysfunction. It is clearly visible in young, growing organisms and those during the menopause. In bitches, dysfunctions of the reproduction system, such as: endometritis-pyometra syndrome, prolonged oestrus, ovarian cysts and others are often found. It is supposed that specific for this species hormonal regulation of the reproduction processes based on the long progesterone and prolactin cycles, and on high sensibility to estrogens plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of these dysfunctions. The application of hormones in bitches in therapeutic and biotechnical (contraception) purposes are the other factors, which should be taken into account in this aspect. There are some suggestions that therapeutic management, unfortunately connected with mistakes in the medical art, is often a cause of pathological condition in a reproductive organ in bitches. However, another reason of these disorders may be that bitches take zearalenone with the commercial pet food. The long-lasting intake of the feed with a low dose of this micotoxin may be the factor, which complicates hormonal regulation of the reproduction processes and is the cause of many disorders. Our own pilotage investigations showed that application of zearalenone at a dose of 200 microg/kg b.w. for 7 days leads to apoptotic-like changes in granule cells in the bitch reproductive system, atresia of follicular cells and oedema and hyperplasia of the oviductal and uterine cells. They could also indicate a follicular phase of the oestrus cycle in bitch. However, it did not take place.
早期的调查以及犬用宠物食品的完整配方都表明，专业制备的宠物食品有30%基于植物源性材料。我们自己的调查证明，植物源性动物饲料常常是许多对食肉动物不利的不良物质（包括霉菌毒素）的载体。玉米赤霉烯酮就是其中一种经常出现的霉菌毒素。在宠物食品中检测到其含量为5.0 - 299.5微克/千克。它是一种非常危险的外源性物质，因为在单胃动物经口摄入后能在生物体内快速且容易地被吸收。它也是一种类固醇，尽管其源自植物，但它会与生殖道中的雌激素受体结合，导致其功能减退和功能障碍。这在幼年、生长中的生物以及处于更年期的生物中表现得很明显。在母犬中，经常会发现生殖系统功能障碍，如子宫内膜炎 - 子宫积脓综合征、发情期延长、卵巢囊肿等。据推测，基于长孕酮和催乳素周期以及对雌激素高度敏感的该物种特有的生殖过程激素调节，在这些功能障碍的病因学中起重要作用。在母犬中出于治疗和生物技术（避孕）目的使用激素是这方面应考虑的其他因素。有一些迹象表明，不幸与医疗技术失误相关的治疗管理常常是母犬生殖器官病理状况的一个原因。然而，这些紊乱的另一个原因可能是母犬从商业宠物食品中摄入了玉米赤霉烯酮。长期摄入低剂量这种霉菌毒素的饲料可能是使生殖过程激素调节复杂化并导致许多紊乱的因素。我们自己的初步调查表明，以200微克/千克体重的剂量应用玉米赤霉烯酮7天会导致母犬生殖系统颗粒细胞出现凋亡样变化、卵泡细胞闭锁以及输卵管和子宫细胞水肿和增生。它们也可能表明母犬处于发情周期的卵泡期。然而，实际情况并非如此。
