Younes Maher N, Myers Jeffrey N
Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Box 441, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2004 Jan;13(1):201-29. doi: 10.1016/S1055-3207(03)00125-X.
Major advances in the understanding of the causes and risk factors for melanoma and for the prevention and management of this tumor have taken place since the beginning of the past century, when the diagnosis of melanoma was synonymous with death. As many as 80% of early melanomas can be cured, and a high rate of locoregional control for even far-advanced melanoma is plausible. The major challenge for the years to come lies in curtailing the steady rise in the incidence of melanoma by increasing patient education and adopting measures to prevent the increasing mortality rates associated with this disease. Cure rates can be improved by early diagnosis by physicians and instant referral to experienced oncologists. Finally, new advances in diagnostic and treatment strategies carry the hope for further improvements in locoregional control and survival rates.
自上世纪初以来，在黑色素瘤的病因、危险因素以及该肿瘤的预防和管理方面取得了重大进展，当时黑色素瘤的诊断等同于死亡。多达80%的早期黑色素瘤可以治愈，即使是晚期黑色素瘤也有可能实现较高的局部区域控制率。未来几年的主要挑战在于通过加强患者教育和采取措施防止与该疾病相关的死亡率不断上升，来遏制黑色素瘤发病率的持续上升。医生的早期诊断和及时转诊至经验丰富的肿瘤学家可以提高治愈率。最后，诊断和治疗策略的新进展为进一步提高局部区域控制率和生存率带来了希望。
